TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #1
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

CONSUMERS SEE INCREASE IN RECESSION-RELATED FRAUD

Any time can be a tough time for a consumer.  If you've ever bought
something that didn't work or signed a contract and then realized the
salesman's promises weren't in writing - you've encountered tough times
in the marketplace.

But these days are particularly difficult for most of us.  We have fewer
dollars to spend, so decisions about how to spend our money are more
important than ever.  And since the things we're shopping for are often
necessities rather than luxuries, mistakes are especially painful.

In addition, more people are trying to get our money.  The Complaint
Handling Unit of the Consumer Protection Division reports a recent
increase in complaints regarding loan scams, credit repair rip-offs and
work-at-home schemes that don't really pay.

We can all take some steps to make surviving these tough times a little
easier.  And one of the most important lessons any consumer can learn is
to BE SKEPTICAL.

These might be tough times for many consumers and businesses, but
they're good times for scam artists.

During a recession when many people are looking for work and sure to be
short on cash, some unscrupulous businesses see an opportunity to prey on
your misfortune. They offer solutions that sound like instant fixes to your
multiplying problems - promising money, jobs or other services they know
are crucial to your welfare.You may find you're suddenly offered what
seem like easy solutions to your problems.  Although you might be tempted
to take advantage of the opportunity, keep in mind that if an offer seems
too good to believe, you probably shouldn't believe it.  For example:

*  You see a newspaper advertisement for a company that "guarantees" it
will get you a loan regardless of your credit history.

*  A company offers to straighten out your credit problems for a fee.

*  You see a newspaper advertisement for a company that promises to pay
you $3 for each envelope you address - and you can work in your own home. 

*  A job training school promises to find a job for you when you complete
their program. They may even offer to help you get a loan to pay for your
training. 

BE SKEPTICAL. These offers often don't turn out as you'd hoped.  The quick
fixes you were seeking can turn into long-term, expensive problems. 
Before you sign a contract for job training or a loan, and before you send
money to a company that promises work or help with debts, cautiously
consider whether there are hidden facts.  In most cases, it is illegal in
Maryland to charge a fee for credit counseling.  And what about that
guaranteed loan? If the company asks you to pay a fee before you get the
loan, don't do it - even if they say the fee is refundable. Many people who
pay these fees get neither a loan nor their refund. Can the job training
school prove its placement record?  

Before you part with your money, always ask a lot of tough questions.

The next few issues of Tips for Tough Times will explore these types of
recession-related issues in more detail and offer other tips for living
with less money.

If you have an immediate question concerning one of the topics mentioned,
send us a self-addressed, stamped envelope and we'll send you a fact
sheet.  Be sure to include a note telling us which topic you need
information on and send it to: Tips for Tough Times, Consumer Protection
Division, 16th floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.  We also
welcome your suggestions for future topics and stories about scams or
problems you've encountered.
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

If you're like millions of other Americans trying to weather this
recession, you're probably looking for ways to economize - to stretch your
dollars in the best possible way. Here are a few tips:

*  Close doors and turn off heat or air conditioning to rooms you are not
using.

*  Analyze your insurance coverage to make sure you're adequately covered
at the lowest price. Comparison shop for premiums, which vary widely.

*  Check to see if you are eligible for earned income credit on your tax
returns.

*  Cancel book club memberships and don't renew magazine subscriptions,
especially ones you read infrequently. Borrow magazines and books from
the library.

*  Keep track, item by item, of where your money goes every day, week and
month. Review your spending record with your family, and decide together
where you can cut back.

If you would like to share a tip that might help others weather tough
times, send it to: Tips for Tough Times, Consumer Protection Division,
16th Floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of
the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.









TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue 2
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

DON'T GET HOOKED BY FISHY LOAN OFFERS

* A Bowie woman sent a $200 fee to a loan company in Florida. When she
learned the company had an unsatisfactory rating with the Better Business
Bureau, she tried to cancel her contract, but she never received the loan or
a refund and the company has disappeared.

* A Frederick man had credit problems and was unable to get a loan from a
bank. When he saw a newspaper ad guaranteeing a loan, he called and sent
the required $249 by overnight delivery. But he never heard another thing
about his loan.

* A Cumberland woman was having trouble keeping up with her bills. She
applied for a loan and paid the required $59.99. The company assured her
she'd get a refund if the loan didn't go through, but she got neither the loan
nor a refund.

During the past year, thousands of consumers across the country, including
hundreds of Marylanders, have reported scams involving offers for loans
that required payment of a fee before getting the loan. All of these
consumers had one thing in common. They were lured by advertisements
that offered cash even if they had bad credit or couldn't qualify for a bank
loan. 

Here's how it works: A consumer with debt problems sees an ad that
offers loans regardless of credit history. Phrases like, "Bad Credit, No
Problem," or "Bankruptcy, Bad Credit OK" are common. The  ad lists a phone
number _ often an 800 or 900-number   which the consumer calls for more information. The loan company instructs the consumer to send an up-front "processing" or "application" fee, ranging from $50 to hundreds of dollars. Often, the loan company promises to refund the money if a lender cannot be found, but the refund promise is just part of the scam.

The loan company tells the consumer to send a money order by overnight
courier or a delivery system other than the U.S. Postal Service for quicker
service. After sending the money, the consumer generally hears nothing. If
he contacts the company, its likely he'll find the person he needs to talk to
is never in, or the company's phone number has been disconnected. The
consumer never gets a loan or a refund of the fee. Advance-fee loan scams
target unemployed people, those with bad credit and businesses trying to
stay afloat.

How to Avoid Being Lured Into a Loan Trap

1. Be suspicious of any ad or other loan offer that says a bad credit
history isn't a problem. The first priority of any lender is knowing the
borrower will be able to repay the loan. 

2. Don't pay a fee in exchange for the guarantee of a loan, even if the
company promises to refund it if you don't get the loan. In most cases,
you'll get neither the loan nor the refund. Legitimate lenders and brokers
may charge fees to process your loan application, but they will not
guarantee that you will qualify for a loan.

3. Be suspicious of companies that give 800-numbers or 900-numbers to
call for loan information. Both indicate the company may be out of state,
which means it may not be licensed to do business in Maryland, and it will
be harder to catch if fraud is involved. Also remember that the caller pays
for a call to a 900-number.

4. Don't give personal information such as credit card numbers, bank
account numbers or social security numbers to any company unless you
know it is a reputable one.

5. Be careful about making loan agreements over the telephone. Review any
company's offer in writing, making sure you understand the terms of the
agreement before you sign.

6. Be wary of companies that will accept money only by overnight express
service or a delivery system other than the U.S. Postal Service. They might
tell you it's to assure quicker service, but the reason probably is to avoid
being detected and prosecuted by postal authorities.

7. Before signing for a loan with anyone, regardless of the terms, check to
see if the person or business is licensed with the state of Maryland. Many
people or businesses that offer to help repair credit or arrange additional
credit must be licensed and bonded in Maryland. To find out, call the Office
of the Commissioner of Consumer Credit in Baltimore at (410) 333-6804.

If you have been the victim of an advance-fee loan scam, call the
Commissioner of Consumer Credit.
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do around
the house can save a lot of money in the long run. For example:

* Consignment stores are a great place to find good quality children's
clothes and toys. You can also sell the clothes and toys your children no
longer use.

* Consider buying products you use frequently_paper towels, cereal,
laundry detergent_in bulk supplies. The cost is often less than buying one
at a time and a lot of large grocery stores now sell in bulk quantities.

* Check your tire pressure every time you fill up your car's gas tank.
Properly inflated tires last longer and increase your gas mileage.

* When ordering prescriptions, ask your doctor if you can get the generic
version. Generic drugs generally cost about half as much as their brand-
name counterparts.

If you would like to share a tip that might help others weather tough
times, send it to: Tips for Tough Times, Consumer Protection Division,
16th Floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #3
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

WITH WORK-AT-HOME SCAMS, YOU'RE THE ONE WHO PAYS

*  A Frederick woman who had lost her job saw an ad for a company that
promised to pay $3 for each envelope she stuffed and mailed from her
home. She sent $25 for the starter packet and got nothing but information
on how she could place ads like the one she'd answered.

*  A Baltimore woman sent $45 to a company that promised to pay her to
decorate picture frames in her home. She never received the promised
starter kit or a refund. 

*  A Finksburg woman sent $24.85 to a company that promised to send a
list of businesses that hire freelance workers to proofread in their homes.
She got the list, wrote to 36 of the companies and found that none of them
was interested in hiring freelance proofreaders.

Complaints filed with the Consumer Protection Division against
companies offering work-at-home plans more than doubled in 1991. As
more and more Marylanders are forced to search for work, these scams
thrive.

Generally, advertisements for work-at-home opportunities are found in
the classified sections of local newspapers or national tabloids, such as
the Globe or the National Enquirer. While not all offers are phony, many
are. Here's what happens:

*  You see an advertisement promising money for work you can do at home.
The work ranges from addressing or stuffing envelopes to sewing, wood
work or crafts.

*  Often, the ads give only vague details about the type of work you'll be
doing. They may ask you to send a self-addressed stamped envelope for
more information.

*  In response to your inquiry, the company sends information saying you
must pay an up-front fee before you can start working.  They claim the
charge is a registration fee, a deposit on materials, or a fee for a list or
booklet naming companies that will hire you.

One of the most common scams offers to pay $3 or $4 per envelope you
address or stuff.  You send the company $20 or $25.  They promise to send
you a list of companies that want you to do the work.  What you actually
get is a list of companies that either do not exist or do not pay people to
stuff envelopes.  Or you receive instructions on how you can place ads like
the one you answered and get unsuspecting consumers to send you money.

Other work-at-home scams involve asking you to pay for a book or list of
companies that will pay you to do crafts such as sewing or frame-making
in your home.  When you contact the companies on the list, you find they do
not really pay you for that kind of work, or they require a payment before
sending the work materials.

Avoiding Work-At-Home Rip Offs

1.  Don't pay for information about a work-at-home offer.  Under Maryland
law, a company cannot require advance payments or deposits from people
for work they will perform in their homes.

2.  Be suspicious of companies that promise a regular market or steady
salary.

3.  Use common sense.  It is unlikely a company would pay several dollars
for each envelope you stuff and mail. 

4.  Before entering into any work-at-home agreement, call the Consumer
Protection Division to see if complaints have been filed against the
company you are considering doing business with. (See "How You Can Reach
Us" box.)  Keep in mind, however, that illegitimate companies often
advertise heavily for a few months, collect their fees and then close up
shop and move on before anyone has a chance to file complaints.  Don't
assume a company is legitimate just because no one has registered a
complaint. 

A Word About Multi-Level Marketing

If you are approached by a friend or family member who wants you to get
involved in multi-level marketing, think carefully before you jump in.

A multi-level distribution company is one that sells goods or services
through independent agents, contractors or distributors operating at
different levels. Each level uses a different rate of pricing or discounting
from the other levels.

Often, people who join multi-level marketing programs are promised big
bucks for selling a product and convincing others to join and sell it, too.
But because you often have to buy the product first, you can invest a lot of
money and get stuck with a product you can't sell. Instead of making
money, you lose it.

You might also find that getting others involved isn't as easy as it sounds.
In Maryland, multilevel distribution company programs are neither
registered nor pre-approved by the state.
However, Maryland law does require the following:

* If you have to buy products or services, or pay something in order to
participate in the company's marketing program, the company must buy
back (at 90 percent of the original purchase price) all goods in a
resaleable condition within three months of the date you received the
goods.

* You have the right to cancel your contract with a multilevel distribution
company for any reason if you notify the company in writing you wish to
cancel within three months after you receive the first merchandise.

* If the company makes any statements or representations about how
much you can earn in its marketing program, the statements must reflect
the average earnings of a substantial number of participants in
circumstances similar to yours.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do around
the house can save a lot of money in the long run. For example:

*  Use credit cards only if you plan to pay the bill in full each month. Each
time you charge something, subtract the amount you spent from your
checkbook balance as if you've written a check. When the bill comes, it's
already covered.

*  With spring comes yard sales. Look around for used furniture, toys and
clothing (especially for children) at bargain prices. With sturdy toys you
can sometimes buy them, use them until your children outgrow them, and
resell them.  

*  Decide on menus a week ahead and make your grocery shopping list
based on them. When you shop, you'll buy only the items you're sure you'll
need.

If you would like to share a tip that might help others weather tough
times, send it to: Tips for Tough Times, Consumer Protection Division,
16th Floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.







TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #4
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
________________________________________________________

PATCHING UP CREDIT PROBLEMS NOT AS EASY AS WRITING A CHECK

"If You Could Buy `Good Credit' for $179 You Would, Wouldn't You?"

This headline prompted several consumers to file complaints with the
Consumer Protection Division.  The words appeared on a flyer enticing
consumers to pay for credit help.  Many similar advertisements continue
to lure consumers with promises of clean credit ratings.  But in fact, you
can't buy good credit.

In a time when more and more people are struggling to keep their heads
above water, credit repair scams flourish.  But if you have bad credit, only
time, patience and timely repayment of debts will earn you a clean slate.

There are two major types of credit repair scams.  The first is an offer to
clean up your credit rating, leaving you with "good credit," for a fee.  The
second is an offer of a Visa or Master Card for people who haven't been
able to obtain these cards from banks.  Here's how these scams work:

Offers to Repair Your Credit Record

You might find a flyer under your windshield wiper or see an ad in a
newspaper or on television offering to clean up your credit problems.  If
your credit history stops you from getting loans or credit cards, this may
seem a blessing_but beware.

If you have been unable to repay loans or pay bills on time, this is
reflected in your credit history.  Lenders and credit card issuers check
your credit history before approving new credit, so it's likely you'll have
difficulty obtaining financing until your credit record is mended.

You have to re-establish good credit by paying off your current debt and
then showing, over a period of years, that you are able to pay your bills on
time.  The amount of time it takes to re-establish good credit varies from
three to 10 years, depending on how bad your situation is.  If you must
declare bankruptcy, for example, re-establishing credit probably will take
seven to 10 years.

It's a good idea to check the accuracy of your credit rating periodically. 
For information about obtaining a copy of your credit report, contact the
three major credit reporting bureaus at the following numbers:  TRW,
(410) 381-3200; Trans-Union, (410) 712-4844; and CBI/Equifax, (800)
685-1111.

If your poor credit rating is a mistake_if someone has erroneously
reported that you failed to pay a bill or repay a loan_you can have your
record repaired at no cost.  The credit bureau will tell you how.

Bogus credit card offers

A Baltimore consumer received a phone call one evening saying she had
been approved for a Visa or Master Card.  All she had to do was make two
calls to a 900-number and the credit card of her choice would be mailed to
her.  She called the number as instructed but never received a credit card.
She did receive a bill from the phone company for $50 for the two calls.

The offer goes like this: You pay a fee and the company will provide you
with a bank credit card_Visa or Master Card.  Sometimes you must call a
900-number, for which you will be charged $25 to $50.  Sometimes you
are told to send a money order.

But after you send the money or call the 900-number, you may well
receive nothing.  Or, you may receive a list of banks that offer credit
cards_information that does you no good and is available at no cost. 
Beware of these scams.  If no bank will approve you for a credit card, this
company is not likely to do so either.

What some companies provide is a "credit card" good only on their own
merchandise.  They tell you if you buy from them using their credit card
and pay the bills promptly, you will establish credit.  But the merchandise
is usually overpriced and using this card does little to help you establish
credit.

Generally, your best bet is to steer clear of companies or individuals
offering to help manage your debt for a fee.
Don't wait until your creditors start calling to get help. If you realize you
can't pay your monthly bills, contact your creditors immediately and
arrange a special payment plan that allows you to make smaller payments
or skip a monthly payment. If your creditors accept new payment terms, be
sure to get that agreement in writing.

If it looks like your financial difficulties will last a long time, consider
seeking some help from one of the following: 

* The Maryland branch of Consumer Credit Counseling Services, a
nationwide, nonprofit agency, will try to help you iron out your debt
problems. You can reach CCCS by calling (410) 747-6803.

*  The University of Maryland's Cooperative Extension Service offers free
credit counseling and education through its Financial Counseling Service.
For help, contact the Extension Office in your county. 

In many cases, people or businesses that offer to help repair credit
histories or arrange additional credit must be licensed and bonded in
Maryland.  To verify that a company is licensed in Maryland, call the
Commissioner of Consumer Credit.
________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do can
save a lot of money in the long run. For example, water heaters use more
energy than most other household appliances, adding up to a big chunk of
your electric bill.  To save money:

*  Wrap your water tank with an insulated blanket made just for that
purpose.  Kits cost about $20.

*  Install low-flow shower heads, which can cut water use in half if your
house has old-fashioned shower heads.

*  Don't run your washing machine or dishwasher until you have a full load.

*  Turn the temperature on your water heater down to 120 degrees.  If you
use a dishwasher, check the manual first to make sure you still meet the
recommended water temperature requirement.

If you would like to share a tip that might help others weather tough
times, send it to: Tips for Tough Times, Consumer Protection Division,
16th Floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #5
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

DEALING WITH HEALTH CARE COSTS IF YOU LOSE YOUR JOB

Losing your job creates a number of obvious problems such as loss of
income and difficulty paying bills.  But a problem many people don't
consider until they need medical care is loss of health insurance. If you
lose your job, or if you temporarily take a job that doesn't include
benefits, here are some things you can do:

1. Federal legislation known as COBRA allows you to continue your group
health insurance for 18 months by paying the premiums yourself.  This can
be expensive because your employer is no longer picking up all or part of
the cost, but it still may be cheaper than leaving the group plan and
getting private insurance.  You must notify your former employer within
30 days of leaving if you plan to take advantage of this option.

2. If you or a family member are sick, you may be able to work out a
payment plan with your regular doctor. Doctors appreciate honesty and
often will work with you during difficult times. Never ignore your bills,
they won't go away. Instead:
     
	* Discuss your financial situation with your primary care physician,
	pediatrician, dentist and other health care providers. Ask them to
	accept a payment schedule you can handle.

	* When your doctor prescribes medication, ask if he or she can give
	you sample packets. 

3. If you need emergency treatment or hospital care, you should know
Maryland is an "all-payer" state. This means all hospitals must provide
care to people without health insurance or the resources to pay.

All hospitals have financial aid counselors to work with you to identify
funding sources. If you do not qualify for assistance, the financial
counselor will help you develop a payment plan or arrange to write off
your debt as part of the community care responsibility.

State Health Care Programs

The state has several health care programs for people who can't afford
health care.

1. Individuals and families meeting certain income and asset tests are
eligible for Medical Assistance. This program is funded by both state and
federal governments. Individuals whose medical expenses are high
compared to their income may qualify. For more information, call your
local Department of Social Services. You can find the number in the blue
pages of your phone book.

2. Children born after Sept. 30, 1983, and pregnant woman can qualify for
the Pregnant Woman and Children Program if they meet income guidelines.
The program helps pregnant woman get prenatal care and helps families
get basic health care for children. To find out if you qualify, call (800)
456-8900.

3. The Maryland Pharmacy Assistance program covers the cost of
prescription drugs for those meeting low-income guidelines. Co-payments
are required. For information, call (410) 225-5394.

4. If you or your spouse are on Medicare and one of you loses your job, the
state may pay the Medicare premium, deductibles and co-payments. To find
out if you qualify, call your local Department of Social Services.

5. For information or help with billing problems, call the Maryland
Attorney General's Health Education and Advocacy Unit at (410) 528-1840.

Federal Programs

Medicare coverage is available to everyone over 65 and those under 65 who
have been on Social Security Disability for 24 months. For information,
contact your local Social Security office.

For further assistance finding help in your area, see "Need Help..." article
on back of this page.

Private Programs Offer Help With Health Care Costs

Several private programs offer assistance with health care for children
and adults.  Some have income qualifications, some don't.

1.  The Caring Program_This program, administered by Blue Cross and
Blue Shield, provides preventive and primary care services and
prescription drugs to Maryland children whose families do not qualify for
Medical Assistance.

The Maryland Caring Foundation is a non-profit foundation. Depending on
income qualifications, parents are sometimes asked to pay $198 a year,
which can be broken into quarterly or monthly installments. Others pay
nothing.

Children are nominated for the program by their schools, social service
agencies and health departments. Parents who want to refer their own
children or who want more information can call (410) 998-KIDS.

2.  Blue Cross/Blue Shield Coverage_In 1991, the Maryland General
Assembly passed a law allowing Blue Cross and Blue Shield to develop two
new insurance plans. CorePlan One and Personal Comp are designed to
provide basic coverage at an affordable price.

CorePlan One is for individuals who have not been covered by any health
insurance for the past 12 months. Personal Comp allows you to
personalize a plan that meets your needs. Both plans are offered at lower
rates because they are exempt from mandated benefits all other plans
must provide. For information, call (410) 356-8000 or (800) 544-8703.

3.  Dental care at lower rates than those charged in most private offices
is available at the University of Maryland Dental School. For information,
call (410) 328-7101. Keep in mind that the usual waiting time for a
screening appointment (which costs $15) is now three months.

4.  To find out about health care services offered by various religious
groups, contact Jewish Family Services at (410) 466-9200 or Associated
Catholic Charities at (410) 547-5508.
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do can
save a lot of money in the long run. For example:

*  Check all belts, filters and fluid levels in your car before summer
travel begins to make sure you don't need costly repairs on the road. 
Replacing a worn belt before it breaks is easier, cheaper (you won't have
to pay a towing bill) and safer than doing it when your car breaks down on
vacation.

*  If you use an air conditioner in your home, turn it off during the day if
you're away.  Keep shades or curtains drawn so your house stays cooler.
Cooling it down will use less electricity when you get home.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of
the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #6
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

DIAL WITH CAUTION_EVEN "FREE" CALLS CAN BE COSTLY

*  A Severn woman received a postcard in the mail alerting her she had
won a prize. The card said she could call a toll-free 800-number to learn
what she'd won. She dialed the number and was charged for the call.

Some consumer advocates fear that abuse of 800-numbers could be the
next big scam facing unsuspecting consumers. The public has come to
know 800-numbers as a toll-free means of getting information. But some
companies are converting these calls to ones where the consumer is
charged.

This Severn woman was one of many consumers nationally who complained
about this particular misleading promotion.

Although the company in question claims it warned consumers that if they
stayed on the line, they would be charged, consumers who complained said
they didn't understand the warning.

Decide for yourself. Consumers were told:

"...To discover which of the prizes you have won, you may mail your
notification card with a self-addressed, stamped  number 10 envelope ...
or you can stay on the line for immediate notification and delivery of your
prizes or awards. There is no charge for the call itself, which lasts just
three or four minutes.

This is a computerized, automated service provided for your convenience
and you'll be billed separately by Audio Telecom at $3.90 per minute for
its use. You may hang up without being charged, or press 1 to find out what
you've won now."

After receiving letters from several states including Maryland, the
company agreed to suspend the promotion, at least temporarily.

900-Number Scams

The 800-number complaint is a new twist to an old problem. For several
years, unsuspecting consumers have faced big charges for 900-number
calls they didn't know were costing them. For example:

*  A 12-year-old boy answered his phone and heard a recording that told
him he had won a trip for four to Disney World. He was told to call a 900-
number for more information. Excited, he called and his parents were
billed $25.38 on their next phone bill. They never received the free trip.

*  A Baltimore woman called a 900-number of a company that promised to
get her a major credit card. To her surprise, she was billed $39.95 for the
call. She never received a credit card.

*  A newspaper circulating in Maryland ran an ad for a 900-number that
allowed callers to enter a lottery for Super Bowl tickets. Such lotteries
are illegal in the state, and tiny print said the contest was void in
Maryland. But many consumers didn't see the disclaimer, called anyway
and were charged. Maryland's Attorney General quickly contacted AT&T and
the company blocked further calls from the state.

These examples are typical of 900-number complaints. Often, consumers
don't realize they're being billed for the calls or don't receive the goods or
services they were trying to buy.

Be careful of 900-numbers. You'll always be charged for the call. Although
some legitimate companies use 900-numbers, don't call a 900-number
simply to obtain information about a product or service you're considering
buying. Why should you pay for information about a product or service? 

Consumers who have complaints about 900-numbers or charging for use of
an 800-number should call or write the Consumer Protection Division (see
back page for details). 	
__________________________________________________________

Fun Doesn't Have to be Expensive

Maryland offers plenty of opportunities for day trips with or without the
kids that won't cost you a fortune.  For example:

*  Take a hike.  A day of picnicking, hiking or biking at a local state park is
inexpensive, fun and healthy.  Take a charcoal grill (if the park allows
them) or pack fried chicken, sandwiches or other favorites.  Some parks
also have swimming areas.

*  Take a day trip to Ocean City during the week, when crowds are smaller. 
Pack your lunch and spend the day_but not the night, so you won't have to
pay motel fees.

*  Check your local library for programs to entertain and educate children
during the week.  Many libraries have regular story hours each week and a
variety of other activities_and most are free.

*  Visit Annapolis.  Maryland's state capital is scenic, educational and full
of activity in the summer.  You can tour the governor's mansion and State
House, walk along cobbled streets and see a variety of festivals, boat
races and other free events.  For more information, call the Tourism
Council at (410) 263-7940.

* Visit Baltimore's Inner Harbor, the Maryland Science Center and other
sites. For Science Center information, call (410) 685-5225. For
information about sites to see in Baltimore, call visitor's information at
(410) 752-8632. Ask if there are times when museums or attractions
offer reduced-fare or free admissions.

* Spend a day in Washington D.C. visiting monuments and historic sites,
many of which are free. The nation's Capital also offers a slew of
museums and a variety of festivals, concerts and other activities
throughout the summer.  
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do can
save a lot of money in the long run. For example:

*  Now that heating season is over, consider having your heater cleaned
and serviced. A well-maintained heater is more economical to run, and
having your heater repaired in the off season is cheaper than having an
emergency repair in the middle of winter. Don't forget to clean and replace
filters.

*  If you use window air conditioners, use an electric fan to spread air
further.

*  If possible in summer, do your cooking early in the day or late at night
to avoid adding more heat to your house during the hottest hours.

*  Because of air resistance, you'll get better gas mileage by keeping
windows closed at speeds of more than 35 mph.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.
	








TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #7
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

STUDY THE SCHOOL BEFORE YOU SIGN THE CONTRACT

*  A number of students at a truck driving school were dissatisfied and
dropped out. The school promised to refund their money and stop their
federal loans, but never did. Since the students hadn't canceled in writing,
they had no proof. They never got refunds and they had to repay government
loans even though they didn't finish the course.

If you are considering enrolling in a trade or vocational school, choose
carefully. While some of these schools can prepare you for a job, others
will just put you in debt.

A 1991 U.S. Senate subcommittee investigating abuses in federal student
loan programs found that "unscrupulous, inept and dishonest" trade school
operators had left "hundreds of thousands of students with little or no
training, no jobs and significant debts that they cannot possibly repay."
In some cases, trade schools promise they'll train and find jobs for all
students who enroll.  They help students secure federal education loans to
cover tuition. The schools then provide little or nothing in the way of
education or training, and fail to find the student a job. But the student
still must repay the federal loan.

What to Look For

Many trade schools offer valuable training, but some don't. It's up to you
to check the school carefully to avoid being hurt by a trade school scam.
If you are considering enrolling in a trade school, here are some tips:

*  Before you choose a school, talk to people employed in the field you're
interested in and find out what type of training you'll need and what type
of equipment you should be trained on.  This will help you evaluate the
schools you consider.

*  Evaluate the school. If the school is unwilling to provide the
information you request, it may be a sign the school is a scam. Find out
the following:

1. What is the school's placement record?  Don't believe claims that 100
percent of its students are placed in jobs.  Ask for names of companies
with which the school has placed graduates. Call those companies to
confirm the hirings and to see what they think of the training those
students received. 
   
2. Ask to observe classes and instructors.  How large are the classes? Are
they being taught by people with recent work experience?
   
3. Talk to current students and past graduates (ask the school for names).
Contact them outside of the school so you can have a confidential
conversation about their opinion of the school.

4. Is the school's equipment the type that is being used in the industry? 
Will you have access to this equipment during and after classes?

5. What is the program completion rate?  How long has the school been in
business? What is the student drop-out rate? Although the school might
require an entrance exam, don't assume all students are qualified or that
such schools are selective. These schools are profit-making businesses.

6. Ask about the school's refund policy.  By law, private 
career schools in Maryland must refund tuition to students on a pro-rated
basis. The later you withdraw, the less money you get back. If you
withdraw after the half-way point, the school doesn't have to refund any
of your money. Make sure all refund requests are in writing and keep
copies of all documents.

*  Don't sign anything on your first visit to a school. And don't make a
hasty decision because someone tells you there is limited space in the
next class_this is a common sales ploy. Even if it's true, you'd be better
off researching the school and waiting until the next semester than paying
for the last seat in a class where you won't learn any real skills.

*  Some application forms are binding contracts, so read them carefully
before signing. Get a receipt for all payments and keep a copy of the
application, contract and all other documents.

Call the Maryland Higher Education Commission at 
(410) 974-2971 for a list of private career schools in Maryland and the
courses they offer.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Using coupons for items you regularly buy can save a substantial amount
of money in your weekly grocery shopping_especially if you shop at a
store that offers to double your coupons. Here are some couponing tips to
help you save:

*  Use as many coupon sources as possible. Buy one or more Sunday
newspapers and check the coupon inserts (one or two coupons will take
care of the cost of the newspaper.) Also check magazines and  coupons
that come in the mail. Have relatives and friends save coupons for items
you buy regularly and they don't, such as diapers or dog food.

*  Set aside 30 minutes a week for organizing your coupons. Discard
coupons for products you wouldn't ordinarily buy. Plan your menus for the
week and make your shopping list around your coupons and the advertised
specials at the store where you'll shop. For instance, if the store is
offering a special or you have a coupon for chicken, plan a number of
chicken dishes.

*  Keep a folder or envelope of coupons you are not using but will need
later. Check expiration dates and use coupons in order, so you aren't stuck
with a lot of expired coupons.

*  When you shop, make sure the item is worth buying with the coupon.
Unless you have a strong brand preference, you might still get a better
deal without a coupon. For example, brand-name paper towels might cost
75 cents even with a coupon, but the store-brand towels might be 65
cents regularly.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue # 8
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

BEWARE OF COMPANIES THAT OFFER TO HELP YOU BUY A CAR

*  A Columbia woman wanted to buy a car but didn't have much cash. She
paid an auto placement company $500, which she thought was to be her
downpayment.  She later learned the $500 was the company's fee, which
left her nothing for a downpayment. She asked for a refund but never got
it.

*  A Ft. Washington woman paid $500 to a company that promised to help
people with bad credit buy cars. They told her she didn't need a
downpayment. However, the company referred her to several car dealers
that told her she needed at least $7,000 in cash before she could buy a
new car. This was no help to her, but the company refused to refund her
fee.

*  An Annapolis man paid $495 to a company promising to help him buy a
new car with a low downpayment.  They sent him to a number of dealers
who all wanted large downpayments. He asked for a refund but the
company had closed up shop and left town.

The Consumer Protection Division has had a number of complaints from
consumers who thought they were getting help buying a car, but instead
got charged for a useless service. Like many scams in recessionary times,
this one targets people who are short on cash or have poor credit ratings.

Here's how an auto placement scam works:

1. The companies advertise in the classified section of a local newspaper
saying they can help you buy a car if you have bad credit. Because people
with poor credit ratings either can't get financing or must make very
large downpayments in order to get financing, these companies often
promise low downpayments as a way to lure you in.

2. A salesperson or credit counselor will take credit information from you
either by phone or in person, and then will usually say you have been
approved. You may think that means you have been approved for a car loan.
In fact, it means you have been approved by this company to participate in
their "service."

3.  You pay (usually in cash or by money order) from $300 to $500 for the
service. The payment is made up front, before you meet with any car
dealers.

4.  The company puts you in touch with a one or more car dealers who
supposedly know your situation and are ready to do business with you.
But what often happens is the dealer, who is not part of the scam, offers a
deal you can't afford or a car you don't want.  Some consumers complain
they are offered poor quality, high-mileage used cars. Others say they are
offered the cars they want but at prices they can't afford or with
extremely high downpayments.

5.  If you find you can't get a deal that satisfies you, you'll probably have
difficulty getting a refund from the placement company.  In some cases,
the companies leave town quickly, before consumers have a chance to
demand their money back. In other cases, companies just put off refund
requests with promises that they can still work out a deal for you.
Sometimes they say they provided the service you paid for_it's not their
fault you didn't take advantage of the offer.

The fact is you don't need a broker or placement service to find a car. 
Your best bet is to do the legwork yourself.  Visit a number of car lots and
banks and see what type of deals you can work out.  Since placement
companies aren't underwriting your financing, there's no reason to believe
they can get you a better deal than you could get on your own. Besides, in
many cases it's illegal for a business to charge money just to refer you to
a retailer or credit company offering you the same credit terms that are
available to the general public.

Five Services You May Not Need

Some ideas seem better on paper_or when you hear them from a
salesperson_than they are. Consider saving your money by avoiding the
following:

1. Credit card protection_For about $25 a year many banks and other
credit card companies offer protection for credit cards that are lost or
stolen. But federal law limits your responsibility for lost or stolen cards
used by an unauthorized person to $50, and if you notify the company
before anyone uses your cards, you pay nothing.

2. Extended warranties_Consider whether you really need extended
warranties on appliances, cars or anything else. If you research the item
before you buy and purchase quality, it is unlikely to break until well after
the regular and extended warranties end. The warranty that comes with
the product should offer enough protection if the item is in some way
flawed and needs immediate repair.

3. Using your credit card to pay back taxes_"Operation Deadbeat" allows
people who owe the federal government to pay back taxes on a credit card.
Don't do it unless you absolutely can't work out a payment plan with the
IRS or get a bank loan. Credit card interest usually is higher than that on
these other options.

4. Paying for credit check services_For about $40, some major credit
bureaus offer a service that lets you check your credit file any time you
want and notifies you each time someone else requests a copy of your file.
However, Maryland's General Assembly passed a law this year that
entitles you to receive one free copy of your credit report annually from
each credit reporting company. The three major companies are Equifax,
TRW and Trans Union. Consider  checking  your credit report yearly for
accuracy.

5. Paying for Social Security information_Don't pay any company that
tries to charge you to obtain a Social Security benefits statement, a
Social Security number for your child or change your name when you get
married or divorced. The information and services are all free from the
Social Security Administration.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do can
save a lot of money in the long run. For example, when money is tight,
finding affordable gifts can be frustrating. Here is an idea for homemade
gifts that are sure to be greatly appreciated:

Fresh produce is plentiful now, either from your own garden or a roadside
farm stand. Consider canning fruits, vegetables, jellies or sauces to give
as gifts later in the year. Instructions for canning are included in many
cookbooks available in the library. Your local Cooperative Extension
Service may also have tips. To dress up your gift, look for baskets on sale
or at discount outlets, yard sales and flea markets. Fill them with
homemade canned and baked goods, and add some ribbon or colorful tissue
paper for a festive look.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #9
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

KNOW HOW TO SURVIVE WHEN YOUR PAYCHECK STOPS

If you lose your job or your income is radically cut for some other reason,
quick action on your part can keep you afloat while you find employment.
But getting by will entail some changes. You will need to be more
organized than you've ever been. And you'll need to be aggressive (but
polite) in approaching creditors and asking for time to get your finances in
order.

Here are some things you can do to help save money and keep your
creditors from sending your accounts to collection agencies.

1. Apply for unemployment benefits right away at the office nearest you.
Unemployment is not retroactive; you cannot go back later and file for
benefits for the weeks that have passed. For more information, call (410)
333-7294 or 1-800-827-4839 outside the Baltimore area.

2. Create a detailed budget. Account for every monthly expense including:

*  Fixed expenses such as your mortgage or rent, loans, credit card
payments and insurance.

*  Monthly expenses such as food, utilities and recreation.

*  Future expenses such as taxes, insurance if you pay once or twice a year
and vehicle registration and maintenance.

3. Figure out how much money you have on hand (savings accounts, etc.)
and how much you'll have coming in from your spouse's earnings or your
unemployment checks.

4. Next, you need to set up a payment schedule. Several options are
available:

*  Some experts suggest paying your mortgage first, then spreading
leftover money to all remaining creditors.

*  Some suggest calculating what percentage of the total amount you owe
to each creditor and giving them that proportion of your current income.
For example, if your mortgage is $500 and that is 60 percent of your total
monthly debts, and your monthly income is now $700, you would pay $420
(60% of $700) toward your mortgage.

You must contact your creditors as soon as possible, explain your
situation and tell them what you can afford to pay. Don't just ignore your
bills because you can't pay them. Most creditors would prefer a portion of
the money you owe to none of it, and many will agree not to send your
account to a collection agency or take you to court as long as you are
making some kind of payments.

The Consumer Credit Counseling Service at (410) 747-6803 and the
University of Maryland's Cooperative Extension Service, which is listed in
the blue pages of your telephone directory, may be able to help you. Both
organizations offer credit counseling, can help you work out payment
plans and can contact creditors for you.

Once you've figured out how to pay your existing bills, you need to decide
what you can cut to save money. Here are some tips:

1. Stop buying on credit. Buy only what you can pay cash for so your credit
card payments don't grow. Interest charged by credit card companies is
extremely high. Don't try to use your credit cards to extend your income,
you'll only make the problem worse.

2. Try to reduce household expenses. Consider:

*  Writing instead of calling. Make long-distance calls only in
emergencies. Or at least call during off-peak hours when rates are lowest.
Cut all frills, such as call-waiting, out of your phone service. Get the
cheapest calling plan available.

*  Cut out non-essential services like cable TV.

*  Reduce your food bill. Think of inexpensive meals with low-cost  meat
or no meat. Make a list before you go shopping and don't buy on 	impulse.

*  Sell what you don't need. Have a yard sale or sell clothes and children's
toys at a consignment store.

*  Buy used clothes for your children. Consignment stores and yard sales
are good choices. You may also find some good buys for yourself.

3. Check insurance policies to see if you can raise your deductible to
reduce the premium.

Also remember to keep receipts for expenses you incur during your search
for a new job. Many of those are tax deductible.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in hard times takes some ingenuity. Little things you do can
save a lot of money in the long run. For example:
   
*  If you use a dishwasher, don't use the drying cycle. Allow dishes to air
dry. Many dishwashers have an economy setting that does not include
drying, but if yours doesn't, stop it after the wash ends.
   
*  Public libraries are among the best money-savers around. By borrowing
instead of buying, you save a great deal of money (most hard-backs sellfor
more than $20). Many libraries not only lend books to children and adults,
they also lend videos, cassette tapes_some even lend artwork. Think of a
library visit as a free shopping trip for the whole family.
  
*  Mail-order your checks instead of buying them from your bank.
Consumer Reports recommends Checks In The Mail (800-733-4443), which
charges $4.95 for 200 checks, and Current Inc. (800-426-0822), which
charges $4.95 for the first 200 and slightly more thereafter.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #10
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

THE LOWDOWN ON LAYAWAYS

* A Landover woman paid in full on a furniture layaway. But every time
she tried to make delivery arrangements, the store claimed the
merchandise wasn't in stock. She demanded a full refund of $330, but the
store would only offer her a store credit. The consumer received a full
refund after contacting the Consumer Protection Division.

* A Baltimore man paid $600 toward the purchase of a $1395 drum set on
layaway. He lost his job and tried to work out a new payment schedule, but
the store insisted on full payment within 30 days or he'd lose both the
drums and his money. After he contacted the Division, the store agreed to
refund his $600, less 10% of the purchase price, for a total refund of
$460.50.

* After placing a suit on layaway and making payments totaling $40, a
Baltimore woman found it was no longer there. The store tried to sell her
a different suit instead, but when she refused to accept it, they tried to
charge her a 20% cancellation fee.  After contacting the Division, she
received a full refund of $40.

If you're like many consumers during tough times, you may be trying to
work down your credit card balance to reduce your debt and avoid high
monthly interest charges. Instead of charging new purchases on credit
cards, perhaps you've turned to layaways to buy items such as clothing,
furniture, appliances and holiday gifts.

Under a layaway agreement, you agree to purchase goods by making a
downpayment and follow-up payments. The merchant agrees to hold the
goods or identical ones for you until you make all the payments.

What Are Your Rights?

The Maryland Layaway Sales Act requires a merchant to give you a written
layaway agreement, spelling out your rights and obligations when you buy
an item on layaway. If the seller does not comply with this law, you can
cancel the agreement and get a full refund.

The written agreement must state:

* The store's name and address. 

* Your name and address.

* A description of the merchandise.

* The cash price of the item.

* The amount you have deposited and how much you still owe.

* How many payments you must make and the date each payment is due.

* The fact that you have a l5-day grace period in which to make a payment
after one is due.

What The Merchant Must Do

*  Hold the items you want or identical items and deliver them to you on a
specific date after you have made all your payments.

* Give you a receipt each time you make a payment.

* Sell you the goods at the price set in the agreement, even if the price
goes up. If the price goes down within 10 days of the agreement, the seller
must give you the reduced price.

* Give you a written statement, within 10 days, showing the price of the
goods on layaway and how much you still owe, if you request this
information in writing.

What If You Want To Cancel The Agreement?

You have the right to cancel a layaway agreement within seven days, and
receive back all the money you've already paid. If you cancel the
agreement after eight days or more, or don't make a payment within 15
days of a due date, the merchant may keep only 10% of the full price of the
item, or the money you've already paid, whichever is less. These refund
rights must be disclosed in your written contract.

If you have a layaway agreement, don't let the merchant refuse to give you
a refund, or try to give you less than what the Maryland Layaway Sales Act
entitles you to. Even if a store has its own refund policy, you cannot be
refused a refund for the amount specified by Maryland law.

If You Have a Complaint Involving Your Layaway Agreement

* Contact the business and give them an opportunity to solve the problem.
* If that doesn't work, contact the Consumer Protection Divison. We'll be
glad to help you resolve your complaint. We'll need copies of your layaway
agreement, so we'll know what we're talking about when we contact the
merchant.
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

* If you need to place a long distance call to a business for any reason,
check first to see if it has an 800-number. Toll-free numbers can save you
money on long distance calls, and many companies have them. To find out,
call 800-information at 1-800-555-1212.

* Also, the Consumer's Resource Handbook, published 
by the US Office of Consumer Affairs, lists many corporations' 800-
numbers. A copy of the 1992 edition is available free. Write: Handbook,
Consumer Information Center, Pueblo, CO 81009.

* If you're planning a holiday trip, ask the hotel if any special rates are in
effect, such as a discounted weekend rate.

* Many businesses that offer discounts to senior citizens don't
necessarily publicize them. It doesn't hurt to ask.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #11
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

KEEP YOUR CHECKING ACCOUNT SAFE FROM TELEMARKETING SCAMS

Believe it or not, some clever telemarketers have found a way to
withdraw money from consumers' checking accounts without
authorization. All they need is the consumer's checking account number
and routing and transit number (RTN), which appear on the bottom left
hand side of checks.

These problems most often arise in connection with telemarketers
offering low interest or secured credit cards, guaranteed loans,
sweepstakes and magazine subscriptions. There often are other reasons
why these offers may be bogus and why you may lose money if you agree to
participate. However, even if you decide not to participate in the offer,
you may end up losing money if you provide the caller with your checking
account number.

Be alert to these scams. Here are several examples of how they typically
work:

*  A telemarketer calls, offering what sounds like a great deal on a low
interest credit card. Since the caller seems trustworthy and the terms
reasonable, you express an interest in the offer. "Terrific," she says.
"We'll just need your checking account number for identification purposes.

*  A telemarketer offers a low interest or secured credit card. But before
receiving the card, you must pay an advance fee. "To make the transaction
faster and easier, we can arrange to have the fee debited directly from
your checking account in three convenient monthly payments," he
suggests.

*  "Congratulations, you've won a valuable prize in our annual
sweepstakes!" the telemarketers exclaims. "I'll just need your checking
account number to credit the prize money to your bank account."

Armed with your account number and RTN, a deceitful telemarketer can
issue a blank check called a demand draft_in any dollar amount_to
withdraw money from your account and deposit it in his own bank account.
He doesn't even need your signature. Alternatively, the funds can be
electronically withdrawn from your account and deposited into the
telemarketer's account_without using any paper at all.  

You probably won't realize a withdrawal has been made until you examine
your monthly bank statement. You notice the statement lists a debit you
didn't authorize or a debit in an amount more than you authorized. But by
then the telemarketer has wired the funds to another state and is nowhere
to be found.

To Avoid Being Victimized:

1. Never give out your checking account number_or any other personal
identification numbers_to a telemarketer. Be very suspicious if anyone
asks for it.

2. Carefully review your bank statement each month. Verify all
withdrawals and make sure your checkbook balance agrees with the
statement.

3. If you want to make regular payments to a reputable company, such as a
utility or insurance company, by having your bank account automatically
debited, make sure you've signed the proper authorization forms with your
bank.

4. Be sure you know exactly what pre-authorized payments are deducted
from your checking account, and what companies the payments go to.

5. Be cautious before signing any documents that ask for a checking
account number. 

Alert Your Bank Immediately If:

*  You believe your checking account has been debited without your 
authorization.

*  Your account has been debited for more than you authorized.

*  You revealed your account number or RTN to a telemarketer.

*  You discover an unauthorized signature with your monthly statement.

If an unauthorized withdrawal has been made, contact your bank
immediately and request that your account be credited back. Your bank can
seek reimbursement from the telemarketer's bank that accepted an
unauthorized deposit.

If your bank does not resolve your complaint, contact the Maryland
Commissioner of Consumer Credit by calling (410) 333-6830. You can also
report the incident to the National Fraud Information Center, (800) 876-
7060.

KEEP YOUR NUMBERS TO YOURSELF

Beware of telemarketers giving any reason for needing your account
numbers. Con artists may falsely claim they need your account number:

1. To check your credit.

2. To verify your account or payment.

3. To have your prize money credited to your bank account.

4. To verify your identity.

5. To verify your ability to make payments.

6. For confirmation.

7. To make the transaction faster and easier.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

*  Save bows and wrapping paper from your holiday gifts this year to re-
use next year.This kind of recycling also makes environmental sense.

*  If hosting a party, make it potluck. Most people attend parties to enjoy
the company of friends and won't mind contributing a dish.

*  This winter, wear sweaters around the house and cut back the heat. For
every degree you lower the thermostat, you'll cut your heating bill by
about 3%.

*  Instead of paying full price at the movies, go to the early show or
bargain matinee. 
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

1992. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue # 12
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office

CREDIT INSURANCE: READ THE FINE PRINT BEFORE YOU BUY

You just bought a used car and took out a five-year loan. The car costs
$l2,000, but you've needed one for a long time. You drive it home and sit
down on your couch to look over the papers you just signed. Suddenly, you
notice something you hadn't seen before: an $11 a month charge for credit
insurance. Oh well, you think, that's not much money when you're paying a
few hundred dollars a month in car payments. But wait. You think about it
some more. That's $660 over five yearsl And what exactly is credit
insurance, anyway?

If you're preparing to borrow money or make a purchase on credit: Beware.
Along with a loan, you may also be buying costly, unneeded insurance.

A report issued by the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
concluded that for "the overwhelming majority of people, credit life
insurance makes little economic sense." And a 1990 report by the
Consumer Federation of America and the National Insurance Consumer
Organization found that "credit life insurance is by far the most
overpriced insurance purchased by many consumers."

Credit life and accident and health insurance guarantees your debt will be
paid if you die or are injured or disabled and can't work. The lender_not
you or your family_is named as the beneficiary.

The way credit insurance is sold often leaves consumers with the
impression it's mandatory, even though it rarely is. In Maryland, lenders
cannot require the purchase of most types of credit insurance. Practically
speaking, however, some lenders imply that credit insurance is necessary
in order for you to get the loan. Or they automatically include it as part of
the loan agreement presented to you for signing.

How Do Retailers Benefit?

A report issued by AARP noted that businesses profit from the sale of
credit insurance in three ways: 
1. They receive a commission from the insurer for selling the insurance. 

2. They add the amount of the insurance premium to the loan amount and
finance the entire amount. 

3. They guarantee themselves that the loan they make will be repaid.

What You Can Do

*  Make sure you don't sign or initial a statement saying you want to buy
credit insurance unless you determine you really want it. Many consumers
don't know they've purchased it even after they've done so.

*  Lenders can require credit property insurance on loans secured by a
piece of property or possessions that could be destroyed. However, in such
cases, you must be given the option of purchasing insurance from a
company of your choice. Credit property insurance is relatively expensive,
so you should shop around for the cheapest coverage.

*  If you realize after you've signed a loan contract that you purchased
credit insurance you don't want, you may cancel the insurance agreement
at any time and receive a prorated refund, according to the Insurance
Division of the Department of Licensing and Regulation.

Consider Alternatives to Credit Insurance

*  First consider whether you need to buy credit insurance at all. 

*  Check to see if your homeowner's or life insurance policy already
provides adequate coverage.

*  If you decide you want protection for a substantial loan because you do
not want your estate at risk for those funds, a separate term life
insurance policy, taken out for the same amount as the debt, would do.

*  Other good options are buying privately owned disability insurance or
adding a rider to your whole life insurance policy to cover payment of the
outstanding debt in the event you are injured, taken ill or die. The premium
cost of either of these alternatives most likely will be far less than the
cost of similar coverage under a credit life or credit disability policy.

Unemployment Credit Insurance

Some consumers, worried about paying their mortgage or credit card bills
in case they lose their jobs, buy credit unemployment insurance. Often
these policies are sold through the mail. As with any other form of
insurance, before buying, make sure you know exactly what is covered,
how much it will cost, and whether it will meet you needs. Check the
policy closely to see:

*  If it provides protection in case of temporary layoffs or whether
coverage is restricted to permanent dismissals.

*  How long you'd be covered. Some pay only 4 to 6 months.

*  How long you must be employed before becoming eligible.

*  How long the waiting period will be from the day you lose your job until
the time the insurer pays benefits.

*  Whether the policy covers your spouse.

*  What is not covered, such as labor strikes.

Consumer Council Report on Credit Insurance

The Consumer Council of Maryland recently issued a report describing in
greater detail what consumers should know about credit insurance. For a
copy of the condensed report, send a self-addressed business-size
envelope with two first-class stamps affixed to: the Consumer Protection
Division, 16th floor, 200 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202. Enclose a
check for $1.00, made payable to the Office of the Attorney General, to
cover copying costs .

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________
1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #13
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

DON'T FALL FOR PRIZE SCAMS

* "You are a guaranteed and confirmed prizewinner!"

* "Extremely Urgent Award Notification"

* "Official Prizewinner's Release Form"

* "We have a cash reward for you!"

* "This is a valid award notification and you are absolutely guaranteed
one of the following awards."

Sound familiar? Consumers are being bombarded with fraudulent prize,
contest and sweepstakes offers promising big money giveaways and
expensive gifts. During tough economic times, many hopeful consumers
find themselves drawn into these offers_only to waste money on phony
fees and 900-number phone calls made to the company to find out if
they've won. 

The clever scam artists often use official sounding names to give their
operations an appearance of legitimacy. They may imprint your name on
their "official prize notification" and describe expensive prizes you've
"already won." They may enclose a document that resembles a check with
your name on it.

They may try to entice you further by asking whether you'd like your grand
prize paid by cash or certified check, whether you intend to pick up your
prize in person, or whether you mind if they publicize that you're the
winner. But watch out: If they tell you to pay any money to participate,
whether it's for "processing," a "judging fee" or any other reason, the
company is violating the law.

One popular gimmick purports to be a game of skill. You are promised a
guaranteed prize for answering a simple question correctly, such as "42
times 2 equals which amount: 17, 84 or 73." But along with the entry
form, you're told to enclose a "judging fee."

When you send in your entry and fee, you'll be sent another "level" of the
game and you'll be told you will forfeit your chance at the grand prize if
you don't keep playing_and sending in more fees. The promoters will end
up taking a lot of money in small amounts knowing that once you've paid
anything, you'll be reluctant to stop for fear of losing your chance to win
the "prize."

What the Law Says

Under Maryland law, if you are notified that you've won a prize or are
eligible to receive anything of value, you cannot be required to:

* submit to a sales promotion in order to receive 
the prize.

* pay any money for goods or services to receive the prize. You can't be
required to pay for anything, such as fees, postage, or handling charges. 

Maryland law also requires promoters to make disclosures about the
prizes they offer so consumers are protected from inflated and unrealistic
expectations. Read all these disclosures_they are required to appear on
the front page of the prize notification_so you can make an informed
decision about whether to participate. These required disclosures are: 

1. The retail value of each prize. If a boat is valued at $42.95, more than
likely it's an inflatable rubber raft. 

2. The odds against winning each prize. If you see that your chances of
winning are one in a million, you might decide it's not worth the postage
to enter. If the odds are determined by the number of entries, this fact
must be disclosed too. 

3. What conditions must be met to receive the prize. Must you travel
somewhere to pick up the prize?  Be a certain age or have a certain level
of income? These and other conditions must be disclosed. 

4. The exact number of prizes in each category and when and whether all
prizes will be awarded. If prizes are worth more than $100, promoters
must also disclose when and where a list of winners can be obtained.

If you can't locate these disclosures, or if they don't make sense when you
find them, the notice is from a scam artist and should simply be put in
your recycling bin.

Real Stories

* An Owings Mills woman sent money in response to a sweepstakes offer
claiming she'd won a large cash prize and asking for a $5.00 judging fee.
The company's response? Another letter_this time asking for her to
circle the correct answer to a simple addition problem and to enclose a
$25 bonus fee.

* A Baltimore couple entered a drawing for a free vacation, and received a
call that they'd won. But to receive the prize, they had to visit the
company's office for a sales presentation. The salesman tried to get them
to agree to pay $6000 for a "deluxe vacations" package, plus an annual fee
of $169. When they refused to sign up for this and other memberships,
they were eventually given their "free vacation" prize_with limitations
that would have required them to spend money for airfare and other
expenses.

* A Jessup man received a telephone call saying he'd won one of four
prizes. In order to receive the prize, he had to purchase a year's supply of
vitamins. After charging $599 to his credit card, he received some
vitamins, and a bracelet worth $100. After filing a complaint with the
Consumer Protection Division, this fortunate consumer was able to
recover his money.
_________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

*  Consolidate your errands to eliminate unnecessary driving. Try to travel
at times when traffic is light to avoid stop-and-go situations.

*  See if your local theatre will let you usher in exchange for free tickets
to the performance.

*  Using nail polish to cover nicks on your shoe heels can save you money
on shoe repair. Nail polish comes in all colors_even black.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #14
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
________________________________________________________

SELECTING AN AUTO REPAIR SHOP AND GETTING GOOD SERVICE

*  A Columbia resident thought his 110,000 mile Toyota had an oil leak. At
a neighborhood service station, the mechanic _suspecting a transmission
problem_advised him to see a transmission expert.
 
  He took the car to a large chain shop. They diagnosed a transmission
problem, and gave him three estimates on repair costs, ranging from
$1600 for extensive work with a lifetime guarantee, to $450 for repairs
with a 30-day guarantee.

   None of the options appealed to him, so he sought a third opinion from a
Toyota dealer. He was told the problem was not transmission-related, and
the repair estimate came to $540.
 
  Still unsatisfied, he took his car to another neighborhood garage. The
mechanic identified the problem as a leak unrelated to the transmission,
and the satisfied consumer had it fixed there for $50.

Car repair problems like this are a major source of consumer complaints.
Next to a house, an automobile is probably your most expensive purchase,
and you want to protect your investment. During tough times, it especially
hurts to discover you've wasted money on

*  car repairs you didn't need,

*  unsatisfactory workmanship,

*  repairs you didn't authorize, or

*  misdiagnosis of your car's problem.

As an auto repair consumer, your best insurance against these kinds of
occurrences is to find a reputable repair shop. It's a good idea to look for
an auto repair shop before you need one_so you don't have to rush into a
decision when an emergency arises. Here are some common-sense
guidelines to help you:

1. Get recommendations. Old-fashioned word-of-mouth is often the best
advertising for a good mechanic. 

Talk to:

* Friends and family who like and trust their mechanic.

*  Your auto insurance agent, auto parts salesperson, or other business 
people you know.

*  Mechanics who don't work on your type of car. They often know about
the type of work other shops perform. 

2. Check the repair shop's complaint records with the Consumer Protection
Division, your county consumer affairs office and the Better Business
Bureau. The shop you select should have few complaints registered against
it and a good track record of resolving those that are. 

3. Look for a mechanic with experience working on the same model and
make automobile as yours. 

4. Seek out a mechanic with good credentials, updated knowledge and skill.
The automotive industry is changing constantly. Some shops display ASE
(Automotive Service Excellence) certification which indicates the
mechanic has met basic standards of knowledge and competence in a
specific technical area. You can also check for shops that participate in
the Automobile Club of Maryland's (AAA) auto service program. But be
careful. Simply because a mechanic has passed an ASE test or received
other certification does not necessarily mean he or she is outstanding or
even honest. 

5. Interview mechanics who will diagnose your car's problem. Are they
willing to answer your questions? Do they convey a positive, professional
image? Are they interested in hearing about your car's performance and
its problem? 

6. Feel free to ask the shop for the names of a few customers as
references. Then call them. 

7. Look for a shop whose repair area is clean and well maintained.

Getting Proper Service_and Treatment_When Repair Time Comes

For any major car repair, get at least a second opinion to confirm the
diagnosis. Once you are confident about the diagnosis, telephone a couple
of other shops for repair cost estimates. If you're unsure of the cause of
your car's problem, consider going to a diagnostic center that offers a
thorough evaluation with advanced testing equipment. Also:

*  Get an estimate. Under state law, you're entitled to a written estimate
for all repairs costing more than $50.

*  Some facilities charge for estimates, so ask if there will be a fee for
one. Under state law, the facility must tell you in advance what an
estimate will cost if they charge for it. If a facility charges a substantial
inspection fee for providing an estimate, talk to other facilities. Another
facility may be able to tell you honestly what is wrong with your car and
what it will cost to fix it without charging an inspection fee.

*  You cannot be charged more than 10% over the written estimate without
your consent.

*  You cannot be charged for any repairs you didn't authorize.

*  Before signing a repair order, read it carefully. Ask for clarification of
any item you don't understand.

*  You have a right to keep your replaced parts_and you should do so.
Place them in a box in your trunk until you are confident the repairs made
were necessary and performed properly. If you encounter any difficulty,
these parts may greatly assist you in resolving your problem.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Here are some ways to save money on your telephone bill:

*  To find out the telephone number of someone who's moved recently, call
the old number rather than Directory Assistance. Usually a recorded
message provides the new number.

*  If you need two numbers from Directory Assistance, ask for them at the
same time. You can ask for the second number at no extra charge.                   

Source: C&P Telephone

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

__________________________________________________________

Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of
the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics

__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.








	
TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #15
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
________________________________________________________

WHEN THE DEBT COLLECTOR CALLS

*  A Charles County woman received four harassing phone calls one day
from a collection agency. The caller misrepresented himself to be a state
agent and threatened to sue her.

* A debt collector repeatedly called a Baltimore woman at her workplace
even though the caller was told the woman could not receive personal
calls. After she refused the calls, the collector questioned the
receptionist using profane language and demanded to speak to the woman's
supervisor.

*  A debt collection agency repeatedly called an Anne Arundel County
consumer's relatives and neighbors, after the consumer specifically told
the agency to stop doing so.

*  A collector sent a consumer a letter stating, "Our field investigator
has been instructed to make an investigation in your neighborhood and to
personally call on your employer. The immediate payment of the full
amount, or a personal visit to this office, will spare you this
embarrassment."

A sudden illness or loss of your job may make it impossible to pay all your
bills on time. If you fall behind in your payments, or if an error is made on
your accounts, the business you dealt with may hire a debt collection
agency to collect the debt.

You should know that federal law requires debt collection agencies to
follow certain rules and treat you fairly. The law is intended to stop
deceptive and unfair debt collection practices, and to protect you from
harassment, abuse and invasion of privacy.

How Debt Collection Agencies May Contact You

Although debt collectors may contact you in person, by mail, telephone,
telegram or FAX, they may not contact you at unreasonable places or times
(before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m., for example) unless you agree. They may not
contact you at work if they know your employer disapproves of your
receiving personal calls. Collectors may contact others only to find out
where you live and work, but they are not permitted to reveal your
indebtedness to anyone except you and your lawyer in most cases.

After A Collection Agency Contacts You

Within five days after being contacted, the collector must send you a
written notice that gives the amount you owe, the name of the business or
lender to whom you owe the debt, and what to do if you believe you don't
owe the money.

If you want a debt collector to stop contacting you, you should send a
letter to the collection agency telling them to stop. Once they receive your
letter, they may not contact you again_except to say there will be no
further contact or the creditor intends to take some specific action, such
as a collection action through the courts. The agency may continue to send
delinquent credit reports to a credit reporting agency and those will show
up on your credit report.

If you dispute any portion of the debt being collected or you need
information about the debt, send the collection agency a letter within 30
days after you're first contacted, stating you do not owe money or
requesting information. The collector may not contact you until it has
verified the debt or obtained the information and mailed that information
to you.

It is advisable to keep copies of any letters sent to the collector, and to
send letters by certified mail, return receipt requested.

Prohibited Practices

Debt collectors may not harass or abuse you. For example, they are
prohibited from threatening violence or harm against you, your reputation
or property. They may not use obscene or profane language, advertise the
fact that you owe a debt, or contact you with such frequency or at such
unusual times so as to constitute harassment.

Debt collectors may not misrepresent the truth when collecting a debt,
such as use a false company or creditor name, or give out untrue credit
information about you. Also, they may not:

* falsely imply they're attorneys, government representatives or
employees of a credit reporting agency;

* falsely imply you've committed a crime, or say you'll be arrested if you
don't pay;

* misrepresent the amount of your debt;

* indicate papers are legal or government documents when they are not;

* say they'll take your property or wages, unless the collection agency or
creditor intends to do so and such action is legal;

* threaten actions like lawsuits that they don't intend to take or that
aren't legal.

Debt collectors also may not collect more than you owe, deposit post-
dated checks prematurely, or make you accept collect calls. They're not
permitted to violate your privacy by contacting you by postcard.

If You Have a Complaint

In addition to the federal law, Maryland law provides many similar
protections with all types of collections_whether they involve a debt
collector or the original business you dealt with. If you have a complaint
about a collection agency, call the Maryland Commissioner of Consumer
Credit at (410) 333-6830. If you have a complaint about the business you
purchased from, call the Consumer Protection Division at (410) 528-8662.

If you believe a collector violated the law, you may have a right to sue in
court and should contact a lawyer as soon as possible. You may recover
money for the damages you suffered, and the debt collector may be liable
for court costs and attorney's fees.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

1993, Issue #16
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
______________________________________________________

COVER YOUR BASES BEFORE SIGNING A CONTRACT

Famous baseball players aren't the only people who sign important
contracts. Whether you realize it or not, whenever you buy goods or
services, you're entering into a contract_and you should be just as
cautious before signing your name as any athlete considering a major
league contract.

A contract is a binding agreement between two parties that should benefit
both sides. Contracts often contain complex language and small print,
tempting many people to simply sign and hope for the best. But don't! It's
essential you read and understand every term_without relying upon a
salesperson's summary_before you sign.

Consider the following cases from Consumer Protection Division files:

* A Baltimore woman paid $2000 to join a dating service after the
salesperson assured her she could get her money back any time before her
first date. The contract she signed, however, said dissatisfied clients are
eligible for partial refunds only before they receive their first referral.
After receiving an insulting call from her first and only caller, she sought
a refund. The business refused, claiming she'd been given several
referrals.

* A Harford County consumer paid $1995 for an artificial hair process. His
contract said that dissatisfied consumers must notify the company on the
day the process is completed to receive a 50% refund. His process was
completed near the end of the business day. After a night of extreme
discomfort, the consumer requested a refund the next morning but the
business refused, claiming his late request violated the contract terms.

Avoid Problems Before You Make a Commitment

Before considering any contract, make sure you have selected the product
you want and comparison shopped to get the best price. Ask friends and
family for their recommendations on products, services and businesses.
During this process, check out the company's reputation. If you're buying a
service, call references. Our Consumer Protection Division or the Better
Business Bureau can tell you if complaints have been filed against a
particular company and, if so, how they were resolved.

After taking these steps, most people think the hard part is over and they
can relax. Not so. First, before signing a contract for a major purchase,
you should think about it for at least 24 hours_while you still have all
your options. Second, once you've decided to proceed with the transaction,
it's time to review the contract. In doing so, follow these important
guidelines: 

1. Take your time. Even if the salesperson says the opportunity won't wait,
or you must decide right away, don't sign unless you're absolutely certain
about your decision. Never let someone pressure you into signing a
contract. Ask for a copy of the proposed contract so you can study its
terms at your convenience. Sometimes the contract process occurs at the
end of the deal, as when buying a car, and you may be tired. Papers may be
shuffled at breakneck speed, so it's more crucial than ever to proceed
slowly and understand everything you sign. 

2. Carefully check all the terms. Make sure everything you and the seller
agreed upon is written into the contract. Don't accept spoken promises;
get everything in writing. Goods and services should be described
accurately. Precise dates for delivery, installation and completion should
be spelled out. The warranty period and terms should be clear. Give careful
attention to the amount of money you must pay, including finance charges,
and when payments are due.

3. Ask questions. And continue asking until all the contract's terms are
clear. Never sign anything you don't understand. If you're still unsure, seek
independent advice.

4. Watch out for unreasonable terms that could make trouble for you later.
Sellers can offer contracts that give them certain advantages if problems
arise after the contract is signed. A contract might say, for example, the
seller isn't responsible if you're harmed by a defective product.

5. Agree only to terms you understand and think are reasonable. Just
because many sellers use preprinted contracts doesn't mean you can't
change them or add your own conditions before you sign. If the terms seem
harsh or unreasonable, change them. Understand, however, that businesses
are not always accustomed to consumers proposing contract terms, and
may refuse to accept your changes. If changes are made, make sure you and
the seller date and initial each of them. Always draw a line through any
blank spaces on the contract before signing so nothing can be added later.

6. Don't assume you can change your mind. Many consumers mistakenly
believe all contracts allow you a three-day cooling off period to cancel.
This misconception has led to costly mistakes. Generally, there's no
cooling off period after you sign a contract. In Maryland, only a few types
of transactions allow you three business days to cancel. But even in these
cases, never sign a contract unless you're sure about the deal. As many
consumers have learned, exercising your right to cancel is not always
easy.

7. Once you have a signed contract, get a copy and keep it in case any
questions arise later about the terms. No matter what reason the seller
gives for sending it to you later, insist on your signed copy before leaving.
If you have a question or problem with a contract, call the Division's
Complaint Handling Unit (see box).

_________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in tough times takes some ingenuity. Here are some ways you
can save money on your credit card bill.

*  Ask your credit card company if you can get a lower interest rate on
your credit card.

*  Whenever possible, pay more than the minimum payment on your credit
card bill. It will reduce your balance faster.

*  Avoid late fees by paying your bill early enough for the lender to
receive it before the due date.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP
For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #17
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

RENT-TO-OWN: WORTH THE CONVENIENCE?

* A Baltimore consumer signed a rent-to-own agreement for a 25" console
television set. The weekly payments were $27.45 for a period of 91 weeks.
If he rented for the full period, he would have paid a total of $2384.20 _
more than double its cash price of $1190.07_to own the set.

Rent-to-own dealers advertise that you can buy a big ticket item, without
a credit check or down payment, simply by making rental payments for a
certain number of weeks or months. You're obligated to pay the weekly or
monthly rental for the period you have the item, unless you end the
arrangement by returning the merchandise to the merchant. If you return it
and are paid up in back rent, you'll have no further obligation to the
merchant.

If this arrangement sounds convenient, consider this: rent-to-own
consumers who ultimately buy the product by making the required rental
payments pay much more than the amount it would cost to buy the item for
cash, on layaway, or on an installment plan. For example, if you buy a new
$400 washing machine on an 18-month installment plan at the maximum
allowable interest (24%), you'd pay $480 total. Under an 18-month rent-
to-own plan, you'd typically pay $1000 or more for the same washer, even
though it may be several years old and previously rented to numerous
other people.

According to the Better Business Bureau's national headquarters, the rent-
to-own industry markets itself to the poorest 40% of the American
population. And, according to the American Association of Retired
Persons, the elderly are also prime targets of rent-to-own dealers.

Your Rights Under the Law

Maryland law does not place any limits on the finance charges or interest
rent-to-own dealers can charge. They are also not required to disclose as
an annual percentage rate (APR) the finance charge or interest consumers
end up paying to own the product. Therefore, you cannot easily compare the
cost of buying under a rent-to-own plan with buying on, for example, an
installment plan. According to the BBB, however, rent-to-own dealers
charge "implicit interest" at APRs ranging from 100% to 350%.

In 1989, the Maryland General Assembly passed a law providing some
protections for rent-to-own consumers. Dealers must disclose the
following important terms in their contracts:

* How much the item would cost if you paid cash; 

* How many rental payments you must make to own the item;

* How much each payment will be;

* How much you'll have to pay in total to own the item; and

* Whether the item is new or used.

This law also allows consumers who are late in making payments to retain
their rights to the item, even after it has been repossessed, if they make
all outstanding payments. These provisions protect consumers who have
made a substantial investment toward owning the property.

Consider all Your Options

When you rent-to-own, you must decide whether your ability to return the
item after using it is worth paying more than double for that item. Before
signing a rent-to-own contract, compare it with other payment options
that may be available:

* Can you delay the purchase until you have saved enough money in the
bank to pay cash?

* Can you buy the item on a layaway plan?

* Can you buy the item on an installment plan at another store?

* Can you get a short-term loan from a lending institution such as a bank
or credit union to purchase the item?

* Would a used item purchased through the classified ads, a yard sale or
second-hand store serve the family's need?

For a free brochure explaining rent-to-own in more detail, send a self-
addressed, stamped business-size envelope to: Rent-to-Own, Consumer
Protection Division, 200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor, Baltimore, MD 21202.

If you have a problem with a rent-to-own transaction, contact the
Consumer Protection Division (see "How You Can Reach Us").

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Getting by in tough times takes some ingenuity. Here are some ways to
keep cool this summer while saving money.

*  Open your windows on cool days and nights, but close them tightly when
it's hot to keep the heat outside.

*  Run air conditioners only when and where needed.

*  Set your air conditioner thermostat at 78 or higher.

*  Clean your air conditioner filter monthly for most efficient operation.

*  Install awnings on your house's south and west side.

________________________________________________________

BUYING A USED CAR?

If so, a new free 48-page booklet from the Maryland Attorney General's
Office can help you make the right choice. Its comprehensive checklist
tells you all the steps to follow in the car-buying process. In addition,
you'll learn:

* How to select a car and price range.

* How to find out if the car is in good shape.

* How to find out if the odometer has been rolled back.
* How to negotiate with a dealer.

The booklet was produced with funds provided by a grant from the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).

To order a single copy, write: Used Car Book, Consumer Protection
Division, 200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor, Baltimore, MD 21202. Enclose a
self-addressed 9"xl2" manila envelope with $1.24 postage affixed.

For organizations interested in distributing bulk quantities, call (410)
576-6500.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #18
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

IS YOUR CREDIT REPORT ACCURATE?

* A Baltimore man who attempted to refinance his car was told he had no
credit history. A check of the credit bureau's records showed that all his
credit information had erroneously been placed under his father's name
_ even though his father's name was different than his. It took three
months to clear up the mistake. 

* A Maryland woman was denied a loan because her credit report listed
outstanding balances on two American Express accounts. In fact, she had
never had an account with American Express and had resolved this issue
with the credit card company five years earlier.

There are two important facts you should know about credit reports. First,
credit reports may contain inaccurate information that can prevent you
from obtaining credit. Second, if you wait until you're seeking an
extension of credit to find out if your credit report contains inaccurate
information, you may not be able to get your credit report corrected in
time to obtain the credit.

That's why consumers should conduct an annual review_or checkup_of
their credit reports. Maryland's General Assembly has made that possible
by recently passing a law that entitles you to a free annual copy of your
credit report from each credit bureau, even if you're not applying for
credit.

Our legislators provided consumers with this and other protections
because they recognized a fact of life: many businesses rely upon
information contained in credit reports for their credit and hiring
decisions.

If that information is inaccurate, you could be denied a credit card, an
insurance policy, a job or even a mortgage. "You could be dunned for bills
that aren't yours, even arrested or sued for something you didn't do,"
warns Consumer Reports (May, 1991). The magazine says mistakes are not
unusual, citing an analysis of 1500 reports in New York where errors were
found in 43 percent of the files.

Ask For Your Free Credit Report Each Year

The credit bureau must send you an exact copy of any report_except for
medical information_along with a written explanation of any codes used,
including a listing of who made inquiries so you know who has the
information. If you find an error or omission:
* Write next to the item that it's inaccurate and why. Make a copy for your
records and send it back to the credit bureau.

* The credit bureau must, within 30 days, reinvestigate with the company
that reported the information.

* If the credit bureau cannot verify the accuracy of the information, the
bureau must delete it within seven days and mail a written correction to
you and each person the incorrect information was given to.

* If the credit bureau verifies the item was accurate, they must mail you
a written notice of their findings.

If you disagree with the credit bureau's findings, you may file a brief
statement explaining why, which becomes part of your credit report.
Following a dispute, Marylanders can ask the credit bureau to disclose the
name, address and telephone number of each person contacted during the
reinvestigation. That way, you don't have to spend hours tracking down
who at "the bank" verified adverse information with the credit bureau.

If unable to resolve the problem, call the Maryland Commissioner of
Consumer Credit in Baltimore at (410) 333-6830.
__________________________________________________________

Legislative Update

Congress is now considering bills to amend the federal law regulating
credit reporting agencies. The bills would strengthen many of the
consumer protection and privacy provisions in the law. The Senate bill
(S.783) would also expand the availability of information in people's
credit reports by permitting credit reporting agencies to sell mailing
lists to businesses for their use in soliciting customers.

The Three Major Credit Bureaus In Maryland

You can order your free annual copy of your credit report by calling the
national credit bureaus operating in Maryland:
TRW: 1-800-682-7654;
Trans Union: (410) 712-4844; and
Equifax: 1-800-685-1111.
__________________________________________________________

Tell Us About The Accuracy of Your Credit Report

After you've asked each credit bureau to send your credit report to you,
please tell us about your findings. Make additional copies or attach extra
paper if needed.
1. Name of the credit bureau:__________________________________
2. Date you requested your report:__________________
3. Date you received your report:___________________
4. Please describe any difficulties you had in obtaining or understanding
your report:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. Did you find any errors?	__ Yes	__ No
If yes, please
describe:________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6. Will you request a reinvestigation?	__ Yes   __ No
7. Have you paid to obtain a copy of your credit report since October 1,
1992?		__ Yes	__ No

Your name:_______________________________________
Address:__________________________________________
City, state, zip:____________________________________

Mail to: Education Unit, Consumer Protection Division, 
200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor, Baltimore, MD 21202.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES
Issue #19
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_______________________________________________________

BEWARE OF PHONY EMPLOYMENT SERVICES

* A Baltimore man responded to a newspaper advertisement by a
California company promising guaranteed overseas employment for a fee
of $1595. After signing the contract and sending a downpayment of $795,
he was offered no job leads. When he tried to reach the company, he
discovered they'd moved, leaving no forwarding address.

* A Montgomery County man called a Florida job placement agency that
advertised in a Baltimore newspaper. After the company representative
guaranteed him a job within 60 days, the man charged the $300 fee to his
credit card over the phone. When the company prepared an amateurish
resume and failed to provide any interviews or referrals, the consumer
decided to seek a refund. But by then, the company had gone out of
business.

Many job seekers turn to employment agencies, career counselors and
resume services when searching for employment. Most of these agencies
are helpful and legitimate.

But unfortunately, during periods of high unemployment_when people are
most vulnerable_job search scams flourish. Bogus career marketers take
advantage of consumers who, frustrated by a long job hunt, are anxious to
speed up the process. If you're considering such a company, beware: You
may find yourself paying hundreds or thousands of dollars in advance fees
for services the company misrepresents_or never provides at all.

Here's what frequently happens: You see an advertisement promising
access to the "hidden job market." The ad may tell you to call an "800" or
"900" telephone number to reach a job search firm that's usually located
out-of-state. When you call, you hear a pitch about:

* jobs with great pay and benefits

* jobs offering tax-free salaries with paid food, housing and medical care
in exotic locales overseas

* fast results

* a specific number of interviews

* the firm's high rate of success with past clients

* special databases of information on corporations

* how to reserve a job by sending in money right away

What You May Get for Your Money

Many consumers complain that after sending their advance payment,
career marketing firms provide them with a sloppy resume and an
outdated list of business contacts to call. The "special database" of
information they tout is often the same information readily available in
newspaper want ads or directories at the public library. 

You may be charged for postage and secretarial services by career
marketers who mail your unsolicited resume to prospective employers.
Meanwhile, it's unlikely the job search firm has any special contacts at
those companies, so you'd be better off mailing your resume yourself. And
worse, many unscrupulous career marketers close down after a few
months, eluding law enforcement authorities and job-seekers demanding
refunds.

How to Avoid Rip-Offs

Before you spend money responding to job ads or signing a contract with a
job search company:

1. Be suspicious of any employment services that guarantee they'll find
you a job.

2. Check out the agency, including the owner's credentials and those of the
career counselor assigned to you. Call the Commissioner of Labor and
Industry to find out if the agency is licensed (agencies that make the
employer pay the entire fee usually do not need to be licensed) and about
any complaints made against the agency. Call former and current clients
as references. Ask to see other resumes the agency did. Ask friends and
business associates what they know about the agency. Call the Better
Business Bureau to inquire about consumer complaints.

3. Find out who pays the fee and how much it is. Try to find an agency
whose entire fee is paid by the employer.

4. Don't pay a fee in advance. Some unscrupulous agencies may promise you
that you can reserve a job by sending in money right away. Don't do it.
State law prohibits an employment agency from collecting a fee in
advance of services. This is true even if the agency doesn't call itself an
employment agency, but still provides information to enable you to obtain
employment.

5. Beware of ads featuring "900" telephone numbers. The cost of the call is
usually much higher than the toll for ordinary long-distance calls.

6. Don't give out your credit card number over the phone, even if the firm
promises not to charge your account until you sign the contract.

7. Read the contract carefully, making sure you understand every term
before you sign. Get all promises in writing.
If you have a complaint about an employment agency that charges an
advance fee, call the Division of Labor and Industry in Baltimore, 410-
333-4182.

Free Job Resource Information

In addition to the newspaper's classified ads, free sources of employment
information are available at:
* State unemployment offices.
* Local and county human resources offices and information referral
services.
* University and college career services offices.
* Local libraries.
________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

* Before leaving your doctor's office, ask for samples of any medicine she
prescribed for you. Many pharmacy companies give drug samples to
doctors.

* Check with your county or Baltimore City health department about free
or low-cost immunizations for your children.

* In Maryland, it's against the law for anyone who examines your eyes to
charge you extra for a copy of your prescription, or to make the purchase
of eye glasses a condition of your exam. Shop around for the best price for
your glasses.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #19
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_______________________________________________________

BEWARE OF PHONY EMPLOYMENT SERVICES

* A Baltimore man responded to a newspaper advertisement by a
California company promising guaranteed overseas employment for a fee
of $1595. After signing the contract and sending a downpayment of $795,
he was offered no job leads. When he tried to reach the company, he
discovered they'd moved, leaving no forwarding address.

* A Montgomery County man called a Florida job placement agency that
advertised in a Baltimore newspaper. After the company representative
guaranteed him a job within 60 days, the man charged the $300 fee to his
credit card over the phone. When the company prepared an amateurish
resume and failed to provide any interviews or referrals, the consumer
decided to seek a refund. But by then, the company had gone out of
business.

Many job seekers turn to employment agencies, career counselors and
resume services when searching for employment. Most of these agencies
are helpful and legitimate.

But unfortunately, during periods of high unemployment_when people are
most vulnerable_job search scams flourish. Bogus career marketers take
advantage of consumers who, frustrated by a long job hunt, are anxious to
speed up the process. If you're considering such a company, beware: You
may find yourself paying hundreds or thousands of dollars in advance fees
for services the company misrepresents_or never provides at all.

Here's what frequently happens: You see an advertisement promising
access to the "hidden job market." The ad may tell you to call an "800" or
"900" telephone number to reach a job search firm that's usually located
out-of-state. When you call, you hear a pitch about:

* jobs with great pay and benefits

* jobs offering tax-free salaries with paid food, housing and medical care
in exotic locales overseas

* fast results

* a specific number of interviews

* the firm's high rate of success with past clients

* special databases of information on corporations

* how to reserve a job by sending in money right away

What You May Get for Your Money

Many consumers complain that after sending their advance payment,
career marketing firms provide them with a sloppy resume and an
outdated list of business contacts to call. The "special database" of
information they tout is often the same information readily available in
newspaper want ads or directories at the public library. 

You may be charged for postage and secretarial services by career
marketers who mail your unsolicited resume to prospective employers.
Meanwhile, it's unlikely the job search firm has any special contacts at
those companies, so you'd be better off mailing your resume yourself. And
worse, many unscrupulous career marketers close down after a few
months, eluding law enforcement authorities and job-seekers demanding
refunds.

How to Avoid Rip-Offs

Before you spend money responding to job ads or signing a contract with a
job search company:

1. Be suspicious of any employment services that guarantee they'll find
you a job.

2. Check out the agency, including the owner's credentials and those of the
career counselor assigned to you. Call the Commissioner of Labor and
Industry to find out if the agency is licensed (agencies that make the
employer pay the entire fee usually do not need to be licensed) and about
any complaints made against the agency. Call former and current clients
as references. Ask to see other resumes the agency did. Ask friends and
business associates what they know about the agency. Call the Better
Business Bureau to inquire about consumer complaints.

3. Find out who pays the fee and how much it is. Try to find an agency
whose entire fee is paid by the employer.

4. Don't pay a fee in advance. Some unscrupulous agencies may promise you
that you can reserve a job by sending in money right away. Don't do it.
State law prohibits an employment agency from collecting a fee in
advance of services. This is true even if the agency doesn't call itself an
employment agency, but still provides information to enable you to obtain
employment.

5. Beware of ads featuring "900" telephone numbers. The cost of the call is
usually much higher than the toll for ordinary long-distance calls.

6. Don't give out your credit card number over the phone, even if the firm
promises not to charge your account until you sign the contract.

7. Read the contract carefully, making sure you understand every term
before you sign. Get all promises in writing.
If you have a complaint about an employment agency that charges an
advance fee, call the Division of Labor and Industry in Baltimore, 410-
333-4182.

Free Job Resource Information

In addition to the newspaper's classified ads, free sources of employment
information are available at:
* State unemployment offices.
* Local and county human resources offices and information referral
services.
* University and college career services offices.
* Local libraries.
________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

* Before leaving your doctor's office, ask for samples of any medicine she
prescribed for you. Many pharmacy companies give drug samples to
doctors.

* Check with your county or Baltimore City health department about free
or low-cost immunizations for your children.

* In Maryland, it's against the law for anyone who examines your eyes to
charge you extra for a copy of your prescription, or to make the purchase
of eye glasses a condition of your exam. Shop around for the best price for
your glasses.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #20
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

WHEN IS A SALE A BARGAIN?

What do these ads have in common?
	
	* 50% off manufacturer's list price.
	
	* Regular price $39.95. Sale price only $29.95.
	
	* Buy two, get third one free!
	
	* Save $10.
		
	* Lowest price of the season!
	
	* Prices slashed for our l-day Anniversary Sale!

All use a very effective device to persuade you to come to the store and
buy. The words may vary, but merchants and advertisers know that sales
attract customers.

Ads touting sales and discounts may promise great savings, but take heed:
Whenever you see ads for sales, don't believe everything you read. Smart
shoppers know how to see through sales promotions to find the best item
at the best price. 

Compare Prices

Say, for instance, you buy regular unleaded gasoline twice a week at your
corner service station for $1.05 a gallon. When you pull in one day, you see
a large sign: "Today only! Regular unleaded gas on sale for $1.05 a gallon."

Right away, you'd know the sale price is no bargain. Why? You buy gas
there all the time. You know what it usually costs.

But what about items you buy less often, like a coat, refrigerator or
cookware? Just like your unleaded gasoline, you can determine what is _
and isn't _ a bargain if you know what the item usually costs.

To find out, compare prices at a number of stores. If time permits, do this
over several weeks. Comparison shop right in your living room by checking
sales inserts in your newspaper, consulting consumer magazines and
calling around to stores.

Concentrate on the bottom line_the price the item sells for now. Don't be
concerned about how much that price has been reduced from a so-called
"regular" or "manufacturer's suggested retail price." And remember: just
because an item is on sale doesn't mean you won't find it somewhere else
at a better sale price or even a better non-sale price. In fact, surveys
show that sale items are frequently available elsewhere at lower prices.

Sales and Discount Claims to Watch Out For

Some claims can mislead you into thinking you're getting a bargain. Others
may distract you from concentrating on the bottom line. 

1. Marked-down or sale price. When an ad claims an item is "30 percent
off regular price," consumers generally think that means 30 percent off
the price at which the store usually sells the item. But that's not always
the case. The "regular price" may have been inflated to make you think
you're getting a better buy. Or it may have been offered at that price but
marked so unrealistically high that few_if any_items actually sold for
that price. Or the store may be comparing its price with some other
unspecified price. Its advertised "sale price" may in fact be its "everyday
low price." 

2. Lowest price guarantee. These guarantees are often meaningless
because some stores use their own model names or numbers. In such
cases, comparison shopping is difficult, but not impossible. Look for the
manufacturer you like with the features you want and compare prices,
without expecting the models to have the same name or number. If you
want to know what the comparable models are and where they're sold, try
calling the manufacturer (many have 800 telephone numbers). You can also
ask the merchant where else you can find the same item with the same
name, or what models the store will honor as comparable and where you
can find them. 

3. Discount coupons. When a coupon offers "$100 off your next roofing
job," you can't tell if you're really getting a discount unless you know the
contractor's usual price. Ask about cost before mentioning your coupon. If
a seller requires you to present a coupon first, go elsewhere, since you'll
have no way of knowing how the sale price compares to his customary
price. And don't forget to get several estimates from different
contractors. 

4."The price is only good today." Never be pressured into buying something
by a seller or advertisement that uses this time-worn clich. If the item's
here today, chances are you'll find it tomorrow_at the same store or
elsewhere. 

5. Buy one, get the second item at 50 percent off. Just because one item in
the package is discounted doesn't mean your overall cost is less. Break
down the actual cost of each item and compare it to the price the item
regularly sells for. Also consider whether you really need or want the
second item. 

6. Going-out-of-business and fire sales. Beware of distress sales that
last for months and months, or that appear to have renewed inventory.
Under Maryland law, these sales may be held for a period of only 60 days,
and a store can't order new merchandise to sell.

Price Isn't Everything

Even if an item is on sale, and you think it's a bargain, don't rush into
buying based on price alone. Consider the terms of the warranty and
whether the model has been discontinued. And be sure to think about the
reputability of the manufacturer, product and merchant.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

* If you use dryer sheets to reduce static in your laundry, try tearing one
sheet into four strips. By using only one strip per load, a box will last four
times as long.

* Check the reduced rack at the grocery store for bargains.

* Store dried-out bread slices in your freezer until you have enough to
make bread crumbs.

* Old yellow pages directories are good gluing surfaces. Each time you use
it, tear off the top page to make a fresh surface.
	   
Source: The Tightwad Gazette by Amy Dacyczyn

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #21
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
________________________________________________________

DECIDING ON AN HMO

With the nation's attention focused so much lately on health care costs,
many consumers are asking about HMOs_health maintenance
organizations. In fact, HMO enrollment doubled nationally between 1985
and 1992, according to Consumer Reports.

As an HMO member, you don't pay any hospital or doctor bills. Instead, the
HMO pays your bills. What you pay is a monthly membership fee and
relatively small co-payments for most services. In Maryland, HMO
members who follow proper procedures cannot be billed for covered
services, even if the provider does not have a contract with the HMO.

However, you must see only HMO-affiliated doctors and go only to HMO-
affiliated hospitals, except in emergencies. And you may not always be
able to see the same doctor each time you have an appointment.

Some consumers contacting the Consumer Protection Division are very
happy with their HMO coverage. Others have been disappointed with
restrictions on coverage, waits for appointments and difficulty getting
referrals to specialists or authorization for hospitalization.

If you're thinking about joining an HMO, here are some guidelines to help
you.

Is an HMO for You?

As an HMO member, you must be willing to allow health care professionals
within the HMO make certain decisions for you that you previously made
yourself, such as the decision to go to the hospital or see a specialist.
Say, for example, you've seen a specialist for a chronic health problem.
When you join an HMO, you may not be able to continue seeing that same
specialist. Your HMO doctor may determine that a specialist's care isn't
warranted in your case. Or if that specialist is not part of the HMO
network, you'll be assigned to another specialist.

In most cases, you must select a primary care doctor from the HMO's list,
and this doctor must be contacted each time you need services. Under
some plans, an OB-GYN may be a woman's primary care physician if she
chooses; other plans require a specialist's referral to see an OB-GYN.

As an HMO member, you have the responsibility of knowing and following
the HMO's rules for such procedures as requesting referrals to specialists,
getting emergency care, and having problems resolved if you're unhappy
with your care. You'll pay a penalty if you go outside the HMO network, so
you must make sure your HMO's procedures are known to those who may be
called upon in emergencies_your spouse, your son's babysitter, your
daughter's sports coach.

Like everything else, HMOs vary in quality. Find out as much as you can
before you make a decision to join. Talk to co-workers and your personnel
benefits manager about HMO options available. If you have young children,
talk with other parents who joined HMOs. Call the HMO customer service
line to see how long a typical wait for service would be.

Compare and Evaluate Programs

Once you've decided to join an HMO, you need to find the best HMO for you.
Do this by visiting the primary care site, reading the HMO's patient
information materials, and asking questions.

1. Are the hours and location convenient? Are lab tests done in a
convenient location? Is parking available? Is the facility clean? How long
does it take to schedule a non-emergency visit or routine check-up?

2. Ask patients in the waiting room if they're satisfied with the HMO.
What is the attitude of the staff? How long have the doctors been with the
plan?

3. Ask the HMO for a list of hospitals and specialists affiliated with the
primary care site you'll be using. Some consumers are disappointed to find
their primary care site may not have a referral contract with every
specialist listed in the HMO's directory. What are the referral procedures
to specialists and hospitals?

4. On your visits, will you most often see a doctor, nurse practitioner or
physician's assistant? Are the doctors board certified, meaning they've
passed certain exams for competency in their specialty?

5. Can you change your primary care doctor if you're unhappy?

6. Think about services you're likely to need. Are any listed in the
"exclusions" section of the description of benefits?

7. What is the procedure for getting second opinions?

8. What is the policy on emergencies? Suppose you're out-of-town when
the emergency occurs?

9. Are there out-of-pocket co-payment limits?

10. Compare prescription drug coverage and limitations.

	* Are your current medications covered?

	* Are certain brands preferred over others?

	* What pharmacies must you go to? Are they convenient?

	* What are the co-payments? Do they change based on the drugs?

	* How frequently must you renew your prescription for a drug you
	take long-term? (A single co-payment for a 6-month supply of a
	drug is cheaper than 6 co-payments for 30-day supplies.)

11. What medical equipment and supplies are covered and under what
circumstances?

12. Compare differences in HMO coverage for drug and alcohol treatment,
physical therapy, mental health services, non-routine dental and vision
care, hearing aids, experimental surgery and access to alternative
providers, such as chiropractors.

13. What health education and wellness programs are provided?

Selecting an HMO requires the same skills you use in making other choices
in the marketplace: understanding your needs, gathering information and
calmly making your decision. If you have questions or concerns about
HMOs, contact the Division's Health Education and Advocacy Unit
(410)528-1840.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #22
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

MANY HAPPY RETURNS: REFUNDS & EXCHANGES

* After buying a bridesmaid's dress from a bridal shop and paying in full, a
Charles County woman learned the wedding had been cancelled. Since the
tags were still attached to the dress, and no alterations had been done,
the consumer sought a refund. The store was within its rights to refuse,
since "no refund" signs were posted and visible. The consumer's sales
receipt also said "all sales are final."

* A Baltimore woman received a coat as a holiday gift from her husband.
She attempted to exchange it for a larger size, but the department store
had none in stock and was unable to obtain one in her size over the next
three months. Although the store offered her a merchandise credit for
$236_according to their posted policy_the customer did not want other
merchandise, as she was interested only in the coat.

One of the joys of the holiday season is the pleasure of giving. We devote
lots of time and energy to finding the perfect gift_wool gloves for Aunt
Bessie or a power drill for Uncle Dan. But if Aunt Bessie is allergic to
wool gloves, and Uncle Dan's arthritis keeps him from using the drill, in
all likelihood they'll try to return their gifts.

Especially in tough economic times, you may want to make sure the gifts
you buy others_and the purchases you make for yourself_can be
returned or exchanged. That's why you should be aware of Maryland's
refund rule.

The rule says that if a store imposes limitations on refunds or returns,
the merchant must disclose its policy in writing:

* on the sales receipt;

* by a clearly visible sign in the store; or

* on a label on the merchandise.

This rule does not apply to foods and perishable goods, like a fruit basket
you may receive at holiday time. It also doesn't apply if the merchandise
is custom made (like window draperies made to fit a specific window) or
custom altered at your request (such as a business suit).

When the Store Has No Posted Policy

Suppose the store has not stated its policy and you return the item in good
condition, within a reasonable period of time? In that case, you may
assume the merchant has no refund limitations, and you must receive a
merchandise exchange or a cash or credit refund, depending upon the
original transaction. Even so, whenever there's no posted policy, it's best
to ask the merchant, "What is your store's refund policy?" 

When the Item is Defective

Say the store has disclosed its limited return policy, but the item you
purchased or the gift you received is defective. In that case, the merchant
is required to repair the item, replace it or give a refund_regardless of
the store's return policy. Make certain the store understands you are
returning the item because it was defective.

Returning Gifts

One problem gift recipients may face involves the return of merchandise
after the item goes on sale. You wouldn't want Aunt Bessie to receive a
refund or store credit for the gloves' sale price of $19.99 when you paid
the full price of $29.99.

But how would Aunt Bessie know you paid $29.99? And how would she
prove it to the store without the original sales receipt?

When buying gifts, here are a few suggestions to consider that may
prevent problems for the recipient should the gift need to be returned: 

1. Ask the store for a gift slip at the time of purchase that you can
enclose with the gift. If the store does not give gift slips, be sure to keep
all receipts as evidence to support a refund request. 

2. Consider enclosing the store receipt, in a sealed envelope, with the gift.
That way, the recipient can open the envelope only if he or she intends to
return the gift. 

3. Always ask the store about its return policy. Say the store's policy is to
offer refunds and exchanges within seven days of purchase. If you buy a
birthday gift on May 2 for a party on May 10, the recipient may not be able
to exchange or return it at all. Explain the situation to the merchant. Ask
him or her to note on the gift slip or receipt that the merchandise can be
returned within seven days of your delivering, not purchasing, the gift.

The Consumer Protection Division enforces the refund and exchange rule,
and we count on consumers contacting us if a store is not in compliance.
Call or write the Complaint Handling Unit (see "How You Can Reach Us"
box) if you have questions or complaints.

_________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Here are some ways to save money on holiday gift wrapping:

* Blueprint paper can make great giftwrap. Check with a local architect or
engineering firm for paper that may be otherwise discarded. Decorate with
paints and crayons.

* By sponge painting on craft paper, children can make creative wrapping
paper.

* Use earth-friendly, reusable gift bags instead of wrapping paper. Ribbon
and colorful tissue can decorate the free attractive bags you get from
stores.

* Make your own gift tags. Cut out designs from leftover wrapping paper
and mount them onto colored paper squares. Invest in a rubber stamp with
a nice design. Cut tags with pinking shears.

* Decorate wide-mouth glass jars to hold your homemade goodies. Cut a
square of decorative fabric, put it over the lid, and secure with a rubber
band for a "country look."

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

1993, Issue #23
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_______________________________________________________

BEWARE OF HOME REPAIR RIP-OFFS

Home improvement scams ensnare many unwary consumers, especially
during tough economic times. The U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs says
bogus and substandard services and products for the home are among the
leading causes of consumer complaints nationwide. Nevertheless, you can
avoid becoming a victim by learning to recognize common "red flags" and
taking important precautions before having home repairs done.

Deal Only With Licensed Contractors

* A Baltimore consumer in need of porch repairs agreed to pay $400 to a
repairman who was not licensed by the Home Improvement Commission.
She gave him a deposit of $200, but had no written contract. The work was
never done because he repeatedly failed to show up on the dates agreed
upon. The consumer has not been able to recover her deposit.

Ask to see the worker's Home Improvement Commission license, and check
the license number and expiration date. Call the Home Improvement
Commission (410-333-6309) to verify a contractor's license and to ask
about complaints filed against a company. Why? If a contractor you hire
fails to do the job, or does it poorly, you may be able to recover your
actual losses through the Home Improvement Commission's Guaranty Fund
_ provided your contractor has been licensed by the Home Improvement
Commission.

Be especially wary of contractors who:

* Come to your door unsolicited, even if they seem honest and helpful.
* Offer reduced prices for work because they've "just done a job nearby
and have materials left over"
* Offer a "special" percentage off the repair without being clear about
what the bottom-line price will be.
* Give a post office box without a street address or telephone number, or
have just an answering service.

Don't Buy Unnecessary Repairs

* A Baltimore-area woman called a plumbing company after noticing
water leaking through her living room ceiling. The plumber said all her
bathroom pipes were broken. The job would require removing the floor,
repiping, and replacing the floor_at a cost of about $1500. The situation
was serious, he warned, because the ceiling could collapse, causing an
electrical fire if the repairs weren't done. The alarmed consumer spent
the night on the couch so she could keep an eye on the ceiling. The next day
she sought a second opinion. After doing a thorough check, the second
plumber concluded that the woman's children had splashed too much water
in the bathtub that night. Only some minor caulking was needed.

If a contractor says a problem will be expensive to fix, get at least a
second opinion on the diagnosis, and find out exactly what work the
project requires. Shop around for a contractor, getting price estimates
from several. When requesting an estimate, ask if there is a charge 
for it.

Beware of salespersons using scare tactics and threats, such as, "Your
furnace will blow up if it's not repaired quickly," or "Your water is unsafe
to drink."

Another sign of fraud is the promise of big discounts off the price if you
allow your home to be used as a demonstrator model.

Find Out About the Company

* Get recommendations for contractors from satisfied friends and
neighbors.
* Insist on references from a contractor and check them to see if the work
was done properly, on schedule, and within the contract price.
* Call the Home Improvement Commission (410-333-6309) and the
Consumer Protection Division (410-528-8662) to ask about complaint
history.

Insist on a Complete Written Contract

The contract should include: a description of work done, materials used,
labor cost, timetable, payment schedule, completion date, names of
subcontractors, warranty agreements, clean up and financing
arrangements. Find out beforehand if the contractor charges by the job or
by the day.

Never pay more than one-third of the total contract price in advance. (In
Maryland, it's against the law for a contractor to accept more than one-
third in advance). Before making your last payment, live with the
improvement for a few days. Don't sign a certificate of completion or
release final payment until you have proof the subcontractors have been
paid and all the work in the contract is completed to your satisfaction.

Because most home improvement contracts are signed in the home, you are
protected by the Door-To-Door Sales Act, which gives you three business
days to cancel the contract (the contract should advise you of this right.)
However, it's always best not to sign a contract until you've considered
all your options and are sure about your decision. Beware of any contractor
who asks you to waive your right to cancel within three days.

For a free 6-page brochure on avoiding problems with home improvements
and repairs, send a self-addressed, stamped business-size envelope to:
Consumer Protection Division, 200 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.
Ask for I'll Buy That! issue #3.

_________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Ask if your auto insurance company offers

* A multi-car discount if you're insuring more than one car, and a multiple
policy discount if you buy more than one type of policy, such as auto and
homeowners.

* Driver education and good student discounts. 

* A nonsmokers discount.

* A discount for anti-theft devices.

* A passive restraints discount if your car has airbags.

* A good driver discount if you haven't been in an accident or convicted of
a moving violation.

* A mature driver discount if you're over 50. 
Source: The Frugal Shopper by Ralph Nader and Wesley J. Smith

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1993. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #24
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

WHEN DIALING COSTS YOU DOLLARS

*  Important Notice! We are trying to reach you. Urgent. A national
magazine sweepstakes has selected you to receive a valuable prize,
reserved in your name. Call within 72 hours for immediate confirmation:
1-900-555-1234.

*  Bad credit? Need a fast loan? No problem! Call 1-900-555-1234.

*  Exciting job opportunities throughout the world! Call 1-900-555-1234.
Hundreds of listings for professionals, administrators and laborers.

These are examples of deceptive advertising notices for prizes, credit and
employment opportunities. You may have already learned it isn't wise to
send money to get information about a "free" prize or advertised service.
But are there any problems with making a simple phone call? In a word,
YES!

In these examples, and in numerous schemes each year, you're asked to
call a 900 number. Charges for calling 900 numbers work differently than
those related to other phone calls. In regular long-distance calls, the
charge is based on the length of the call. With 900 numbers, the business
determines how much you'll pay for the call. It could be a single charge,
say $50, just for making the call. Or the business can charge any amount,
say $10, for each minute the call lasts.

Calling a 900 number doesn't pose a risk when you're dealing with people
you know_for example, when making a contribution to a public TV station
or getting technical information from a computer company. But when a
complete stranger offers you a great opportunity_if only you call a 900
number_beware.

The best rule of thumb is not to waste your time and money responding to
these types of offers. Because many consumers have learned that lesson,
some companies now list an 800 number in the advertisement. But when
you call that toll-free number, a recording instructs you to call a 900
number to get the information. If that happens to you, stop. Don't call the
900 number because you're dealing with a deceptive merchant.

Don't Become a Victim

Even if you're dealing with a company you know, you should still
understand the amount of the charge_and how you'll be charged_before
you place the call.

New regulations (see below) require complete cost disclosures. Before
calling, you should know from the advertisement or solicitation what the
cost will be. If you'll be charged by the minute, make sure you know how
many minutes the call will take. Consider whether the service is worth
the price.

Once you call, a required introductory message (preamble) explains the
cost, giving you a chance to hang up before you incur charges. If you decide
to proceed with the call but you're dissatisfied with the way the call is
progressing, hang up at once.

Don't allow your children to call 900 numbers unless they have your
permission. If monitoring your kids is a problem, have the phone company
block access (see back).

Check your bills each month for 900 number charges.

New Federal Rules Give Added Protections

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has investigated numerous
complaints of consumers being overcharged for pay-per-call services, or
not receiving the promised service altogether. Regulators have received so
many complaints that the federal government recently issued new rules
governing pay-per-call services. Note these recent added protections:

1. All information providers must now offer a preamble at the beginning of
the 900 number call unless the call has a flat rate of $2.00 or less. The
preamble must clearly disclose the cost of the call, give the information
provider's name and describe the service.

2. To avoid being charged, you have a chance to hang up within three
seconds after the signal or tone indicating the end of the preamble.

3. Most services directed to children under 12 have been banned. Services
to 12-18 year olds must state that the caller needs permission from
parents before calling.

4. Local telephone companies must offer one-time free blocking of 900
services where technically possible.

5. The provider's advertising must clearly and noticeably disclose the
costs, including the flat fee charge, cost-per-minute charge, minimum and
maximum charge.

6. If you request it, long distance companies must give you the name,
address and customer service phone number of the provider.

7. Your phone company can't disconnect your phone service if you refuse to
pay a disputed charge. All 900 number charges must appear separately on
your bill.

To Dispute a 900 Number Charge

Contact your local telephone company immediately and explain the
problem. You can ask the telephone company to delete the charge, although
they are not obligated to do so. Ask your phone company for the name and
address of the information provider, and send a written complaint. You can
also contact the Consumer Protection Division.

The new federal rules say your complaint must be responded to within 90
days, and your credit rating can't be affected until the matter is resolved.
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Here are some ways to stay warm for less money this winter:

*  Cut heat loss by hanging insulated draperies or shades on picture
windows and glass doors.

*  Seal windows that remain closed in winter with clear plastic. You can
find inexpensive kits at the hardware store.

*  Cover room air conditioners and fans to prevent leaks.

*  Keep furniture away from heat vents and outside walls.

Source: Woman's Day, 1/11/94

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372
Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #25
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

FOR YOUR EYES ONLY: WHAT YOU SHOULDN'T DISCLOSE TO STRANGERS

You probably protect your home and property against break-ins by locking
your doors and windows. But break-ins aren't the only form of theft we
need to be concerned about. With today's advanced technology, your
telephone or even your computer may be a way for a clever scam artist to
"break into" your personal information and use it for fraudulent purposes.
Armed with only a little information about a person, a con artist can often
obtain a surprising amount of additional data.

According to the National Fraud Information Center, telemarketing and
other fraud robs consumers of more than $40 billion each year. Don't
contribute to that cost. Just as you protect your home from burglars, so
should you protect yourself from con artists_by keeping your personal
information to yourself.

Protect Yourself

Do this by refusing to disclose any information about yourself to
strangers calling you on the phone, no matter how legitimate the company
sounds or how sincere and helpful the caller may seem. Don't make the
common mistake of dropping your guard when talking with a friendly
telemarketer who knows some information about you already, and
therefore doesn't seem like a stranger at all.

Common scams begin with a postcard or telephone call saying you've won
a contest or qualify for a major credit card. If you respond to the offer,
the caller may ask for financial information, like your checking account
number, to "verify your identity," ship the prize, or charge a processing
fee. Once you provide the information, however, it's unlikely you'll ever
see the prize or credit card.

Here are some examples of things you should not disclose to strangers,
especially over the phone:

* Your credit card number, unless you initiate the transaction with a
company you know is reputable. Otherwise, someone can use your credit
card number to charge your account for unwanted purchases. Also never
put your card number on a postcard or on the outside of an envelope. 

* Your checking account number and other numbers printed on your checks.
They can be used to withdraw money from your checking account without
your authorization. 

* Your credit card expiration date. Some dishonest sweepstakes promoters
acquire credit card account lists and, if you give them the expiration date,
they can use it to confirm whether the account number they have matches
yours. With this information, they can charge your account. 

* Your telephone calling card number can be used to charge calls to your
account. Some scam artists sell these numbers to people who want to call
friends and family abroad.

* Your Social Security number can be used to track down information
about you from other sources or to establish a false identity. While a
business can ask for it and even refuse you service if you don't provide it,
it's still wise not to give your number unless it is legally required.

* Your driver's license number may allow someone to obtain identifying
information about you, including physical description. 

* Health information, such as your insurance (including membership or
Medical Assistance number), medical and mental health history, and doctor
can be used to obtain health care and health services fraudulently. 

* Information about your home security system, including whether or not
you have a system and what kinds of valuables you have in your home.

* Information about who resides with you, whether you live alone, and
whether there is a "man of the house." 

* Your age or age category. 

* Information about your finances, annual income or mortgage. If a
creditor calls, telling you to send your checks to a different address, look
up your creditor's number and call back to confirm.

Call the police if you discover that anyone is using your personal
information fraudulently.

Maryland Laws Combat Credit Fraud

A few years ago, Maryland lawmakers passed two measures that restrict
the amount of information that a merchant can request about you. The
first measure says a business can't record_or even request_your
address or telephone number as a condition of accepting your credit card
in a sale. Major credit card issuers don't require this information to
process transactions. (As of February, 1994 a bill is pending in the state
Legislature that would permit merchants to request this information but
not record it on the credit card transaction form.)

Under the second measure, a business can't request or record your credit
card account number as a condition of accepting your check in a
transaction. However, the merchant is allowed to see your credit card as
identification or credit worthiness, and may record the type (VISA,
Discover, etc.) and the name of the issuer (usually a bank).

To file a complaint against a merchant who you believe violated these
credit laws, call or write the Complaint Handling Unit (see "How You Can
Reach Us").

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Planning a wedding? Here are some ways to save money:

* Check bridal shops for display or discontinued wedding gowns at reduced
prices.

* Check out classified ads for gowns that have been worn only once_or
not at all.

* Consider renting your dress. Also, some consignment and vintage
clothing stores  carry  wedding and bridal dresses.

* See if the dress your mother or grandmother wore can be altered to fit
you.

* Select bridesmaids' dresses that can be worn again at other social
events.

* Don't overlook antique shops, pawnshops and heirloom jewelry sales
when buying rings.
Source: The Tightwad Gazette by Amy Dacyczyn

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #26
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
________________________________________________________

VACATION PACKAGES: DON'T GET TAKEN FOR A RIDE

"I was angry and upset...One of the reasons we purchased (the timeshare)
was because we were told we could exchange it for a week that we could
use." 
D.S., Hagerstown

"I also asked if we could go have some lunch, talk it (the campground
offer) over, and come back and give them an answer...They told me if I left
the premises, the deal was no longer valid. It was a one-time only thing."
R.M., Hanover

The promise of a low-cost "dream" vacation at a resort, exotic locale or
exclusive campground can sound pretty enticing to a family trying to
reduce expenses. But as hundreds of consumers learned who bought
timeshares or memberships in travel clubs and campgrounds, they got less
than they bargained for.

Vacation sales promotions typically begin with a postcard, letter or
telephone call. Sometimes this occurs in response to a form you completed
to win a prize. You're led to believe the company tried hard to contact you
because you've been selected to receive a car, vacation or other valuable
prize. The mailing may use words like "grand finalist," "urgent" or
"winner," and appear to be sent by special mail or courier. (In fact,
inexpensive bulk rate postage is usually used to mail the same card to
thousands.) The company often doesn't say what it is selling. 

The purpose of all these come-ons is to get you to their place of business,
where you'll be required or pressured to submit to a sales presentation.
Before receiving your prize, you're asked to take a tour of the campground
or timeshare facility, or speak with the travel club's representative. A
series of salespeople will use high pressure tactics to try to get you to
make a major purchasing decision on the spot. They may offer a "great
deal" that's available only today, so you can't take the contract home to
think it over. 
Some consumers reported sales pitches lasting up to nine hours, during
which they felt so hungry and exhausted, they signed a confusing contract
just to go home. And when they finally got their promised  "fabulous"
prize, it was of little value.

Promises vs. Performance

Many consumers who spent a lot of money on vacation packages
complained that the promises made during the sales pitch did not match
the services provided after the contract was signed: 

* Consumers weren't able to get vacations for dates or locations
requested. Some were never able to take the vacation they wanted.

* They didn't receive the promised savings because of added fees, dues and
costs. Promised "discounts" weren't available. Some learned they could
buy less expensive vacations on their own.

* Some consumers found the accommodations to be very poor. In fact,
some people found them to be so bad that they refused to stay in them and,
instead, paid for other accommodations.

* Consumers learned it is very difficult to sell their interest in these
vacation programs, which often do not have the value claimed during the
sales pitch. Some consumers have never been able to sell their interest
despite extensive efforts, including advertising and hiring agents.

Avoid Vacation Rip-Offs

A company shouldn't need to lure you to a sales presentation by promising
a prize. Go only if you know what the company is selling (timeshares, or
memberships in travel clubs or campgrounds) and you're interested in it. If
you decide to go, ask detailed questions and insist on clear answers. Also:

1. Check out the company beforehand. Call the Consumer Protection
Division (see box) and the Better Business Bureau for complaint history.
Check the company's references before buying. 

2. Never make your decision on the spot. Most legitimate businesses don't
expect people to make immediate decisions. Many vacation promoters
know if you reflect on your decision, chances are you won't buy. Insist on
taking the contract home to study it, and if the business won't allow this,
leave. 

3. Be very wary about buying future services. What if you invest thousands
of dollars and the company goes out of business?

4. Understand all the costs; it may be more expensive than you thought.
What is and isn't included? Are there extra fees for maintenance,
processing, dues, peak season, upgrades, hotels, airlines, port taxes and
meals? 

5. Make sure the company's rules suit your needs. How far in advance must
you request accommodations? When will the company confirm your
reservations? Don't buy deals "subject to availability" unless you can
easily change your plans.

6. Never sign a contract unless you're sure about your decision. Although
you now have 10 days to cancel a timeshare, vacation or campground
membership sold in Maryland, exercising your right to cancel isn't always
easy.

7. If you're feeling uncomfortable or pressured at the sales presentation,
get up and leave. Under Maryland law, if you're notified you've won a prize
or are eligible to receive anything of value, you cannot be required to
submit to a sales promotion to receive the prize, or pay any money for
goods or services.
Questions or complaints about vacation memberships? Contact the
Consumer Protection Division (see box).

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

* Disposable alkaline batteries provide power much longer than ordinary
heavy duty batteries or rechargeables. Shop for price, not brand.

* Rechargeable batteries are more economical, and using them decreases
the number of batteries thrown away.

.* To keep film fresh longer, store it in your refrigerator, freezer or other
cool place. After loading your camera, finish and develop the roll quickly;
film ages rapidly after exposure.

* Although mini-labs are the fastest film processors, they charge 2-3
times as much as other processors.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #27
________________________________________________________
BUYING A USED CAR? STEER CLEAR OF BAD DEALS AND LEMONS

* Before selecting and test driving a used car, a Baltimore woman
discussed financing of various models and monthly payment schedules
with the salesman. She then signed a contract obligating her to buy a 1984
Dodge for $4995, even though she had not yet seen the car. But as soon as
the salesman showed her the car, she noticed major mechanical problems.

* Although a Maryland couple asked the salesman about the car's accident
history and structural condition, they were told only about some minor
dents that had been fixed. They bought the car, but later learned it had
been previously stolen and involved in a fire in which it suffered
extensive damage.

If you're thinking about buying a used car, you're not alone. Many experts
estimate that dealers and private owners sell more used vehicles each
year than the 12.5 to 14 million new vehicles sold by dealers. That's
because vehicles often change ownership several times before ending up
at the junkyard.

Despite the wide range of makes, models and prices available, a used car
is still a major expense, and you must shop carefully to avoid being
burned. What's the best way to avoid problems? Learn all you can:
* about the process of buying a used car;
* about the make and model you're interested in; and
* about the mechanical condition and history of the car you want to drive
home.

Here are some suggestions to help you avoid getting stuck with a bad deal
_ or someone else's lemon.

1. Take your time looking for a car. It's better to borrow or rent for a few
days while you look than to make a hurried decision you may regret later.

2. Check out the many helpful sources of information available about used
cars in your library or bookstore. Once you've narrowed your choices, get
detailed information about frequency of repair, maintenance costs, safety
and fuel economy by consulting Consumer Reports' annual April car issue
and other magazine automotive reviews.

3. Find out the car's approximate wholesale and retail value. Your library,
insurance agency or bank loan department should have a copy of one of the
price guides commonly called "the blue book."

4. Decide where you want to buy your car. Private parties, new car dealers
and used car dealers each have unique advantages and disadvantages. For
example, you may find a less expensive car with a private party, but you'll
almost certainly not receive a written warranty.

5. Watch out for curbstoners! Curbstoners are car traders who get used
cars from private parties, dealers or auctions, pose as the original
owners, and sell to unsuspecting consumers. They sell from the streets _
hence their name_and often sell cars with rolled back odometers.

6. Ask the seller detailed questions about such things as
* The car's condition and maintenance history.
* Its accident record.
* The mileage_and be sure you review the mileage disclosure statement
carefully.
* Any liens. Liens mean the owner still owes money on the car.
* Any recalls on the car and, if so, get verification the problem was
resolved.
* The inspection certificate. Make sure it applies to the car and is current.
* Any painting done and why. Paint can conceal accident damage.

7. Ask to see the title and review it carefully.  Don't buy a car without
first examining the title, and don't accept explanations from sellers who
say they can't show it to you. Call the previous owner, if the name is on
the title, to verify the car's mileage and to ask about its performance,
condition and accident history. If you have doubts about the mileage or
history of ownership, you can trace the title fairly easily through the
Motor Vehicle Administration (call 410-950-1-MVA).

8. Take the car for a thorough test drive on both highway and city streets
to determine how it handles. A demonstration ride in the passenger seat is
not sufficient.

9. Find out if the car is in good mechanical shape. Helpful books are
available that describe how to perform some simple tests, even if you're
not mechanically inclined. For example, you can learn how to check out the
tires, brakes, and dashboard lights, and look for signs of rust, accident
damage and oil leaks.

10. Get an evaluation from an independent mechanic (someone not
connected to the seller) on any car you're seriously considering.

11. Examine the Buyers Guide. Federal regulation requires all dealers to
attach a sticker on used cars that provides information about the
warranty and service contract. It also lists major defects that may occur.
Go through the list with the dealer and ask if he's aware of any problems.

12. Before signing the contract_or any other papers_ask for a copy to
review at home. Read and understand all the terms, without relying on a
salesperson's summary. Once you sign, don't leave the premises without
your copy.

13. Never allow a salesperson to pressure you into buying.
__________________________________________________________

AVOIDING SHAKES, RATTLES & ROLLBACKS

How to Buy a Used Car
Would you like more information about how to buy a used car? A free 48-
page booklet from the Maryland Attorney General's Office can help you
make the right choice. Its comprehensive checklist tells you all the steps
to follow in the car-buying process. In addition, you'll learn: how to select
a car and price range; how to find out if the car is in good shape; how to
find out if the odometer has been rolled back; and how to negotiate with a
dealer.

The booklet was produced with funds provided by a grant from the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
To order a single copy, write: Used Car Book, Consumer Protection
Division, 200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor, Baltimore, MD 21202. Enclose a
self-addressed 9" x 12" manila envelope with $1.24 postage affixed. For
organizations interested in distributing bulk quantities, call (410)576-
6500.
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Our readers suggest the following ways to save money:
* Look for used CDs. You can often save $5 or more by buying a used CD
instead of a new one.

* Add some cologne to cornstarch to make bath powder. Refresh it
occasionally with more cologne.

* Instead of buying frozen dinners, freeze the extra portions of meals that
you cook. You'll have ready-made nutritious meals that need only to be
reheated.

* Re-use plastic syrup jugs with pop-up lids. They make handy canteens
for car trips and hikes. You can also use them to store children's tempera
paint or bubble solution.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #28
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

HOW TO SHOP WISELY WHEN MAKING A MAJOR PURCHASE

After many repairs, your 25-year old refrigerator finally takes its last
gasp, and you need to buy a new one. What's the first thing you do? Head
for the shopping mall? If so, you may be making a big mistake.

Today's marketplace, unlike yesterday's, is highly complex. You're
confronted with many choices, a range of prices, glittering
advertisements competing for your attention, and sometimes overzealous
salespeople.

If you buy a model that gives you more than you need, or pay an inflated
price, you've lost money you'll never see again. If the appliance is not
convenient to operate, or doesn't give you the performance you want,
you'll regret your purchase.
Here are guidelines to help you find the best product for your needs and
budget.

Gather Information About the Product

1. Make a list of features in the product that will best suit your needs and
wants.

2. Read advertisements in newspapers, magazines, circulars and
catalogues. This information gives you an idea of the type of products on
the market and their price range.

3. Call stores for further information.

4. Call independent repair shops to ask about the kinds of repairs most
frequently made on different models you're considering. Some may also be
willing to give general advice on good brands to buy.

5. Ask your family and friends what appliances they use and how satisfied
they are with their products and service.

6. Call the Consumer Protection Division (see box) to find out if
complaints have been filed against a particular company, and if so, how
they were resolved.

7. Read consumer publications available at your local library and
bookstore. One of several helpful sources that rate and report on products
is Consumer Reports. This magazine describes the special features of
appliances, evaluates quality, discusses maintenance and repairs, and
quotes prices. It also explains how a product is made and how it works.

Comparison Shop

1. Now that you're armed with information, go to several stores and look
at models. Ask for the salesperson's card for future reference.

2. Decide on a product that is neither more nor less than you need, and
establish what price you will pay.

3. Don't make impulse decisions or overreact to a low price. For example,
you shouldn't try to beat the deadline on a special sale unless you're
completely satisfied you've considered all the alternatives and this item
is still the one you want.

4. Ask to see manufacturers' guides and care manuals so you can compare
features on different brands.

5. Ask about the store's return policy if you don't see it posted.

6. Look at the manufacturer's warranty to see exactly what the
manufacturer will do if the product is faulty. Oral statements by sales
people, written descriptions or ads are also considered warranties, even
if not labeled as such.

7. Before buying an extended warranty (service contract), read the fine
print because some provide only very limited protection, not much more
than what you're getting from the manufacturer's warranty. If you think
you may need an extended warranty, find out if you can purchase it later,
so you have time to think it over.

8. Look for energy guide labels. These yellow labels, which list the
estimated yearly energy cost to run the appliance, can be helpful in
comparing the efficiency of different models.

9. If buying on credit, shop for the best credit terms. For example, if you
decide to finance your purchase by obtaining a cash loan from a financial
institution or charging it on a credit card, compare credit terms such as
finance charges and annual percentage rates.

10. Read and understand all the terms of the contract before you sign.

11. Make sure the appliance is brand new. It should be in a sealed carton,
and if it has to be opened before you leave the store, be sure you're
present. Check the model year, often printed on a label on the back of the
appliance. Also check model and serial numbers to be sure they match the
numbers on cartons and sales receipts.

12. Keep your sales receipt and all printed matter along with your
warranty so you can document any warranty claim.

Once you get the appliance in your home, use it immediately to be certain
all the parts and features are working properly. That way, you're more
likely to discover any problems within the warranty period.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

*After 40 years, savings bonds stop paying interest. Cash in savings bonds
issued before 1954, or the Federal Reserve Bank recommends you see if
they can be rolled over into a HH bond. (Note: Savings bonds issued after
1965 have a 30-year life.)

* You may qualify for a tax credit if you pay someone to care for your
children or disabled dependent so you can work. Call the IRS at 1-800-
829-3676 and ask for free publication 503.

* If you're planning to move, check to see if your mover's rates for
weekdays are lower than weekends. You can also save money by doing the
packing yourself. Find out if your mover provides free cartons.

__________________________________________________________

WHAT TO DO WHEN THINGS GO WRONG:
THE FINE ART OF COMPLAINING

A free 8-page pamphlet from the Consumer Protection Division provides
helpful suggestions on how to stand up for your rights and successfully
resolve consumer problems in the marketplace. To order a single copy,
send a self-addressed business-size envelope with $.55 postage affixed to
the Consumer Protection Division, 200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor,
Baltimore, MD 21202. Ask for I'll Buy That! issue #9. For organizations
interested in distributing bulk quantities, call 410-576-6500.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #29
__________________________________________________________

LISTEN UP! SHOPPING WISELY FOR HEARING AIDS

* A woman who spent $2300 for hearing aids from a dealer found them to
be useless from the start. Although she informed the seller, he repeatedly
insisted she simply needed more time to get used to them. The sales
contract didn't include the 30-day notice of cancellation as required by
law. After contacting the Division, the consumer was able to get a refund. 

* After seeing a hearing aid maker's claims on TV, an Eastern Shore
resident bought the device without first consulting a doctor. "From the
day I purchased the hearing aid, I was extremely unhappy with it," he said.
"[It] did not work as advertised. I had to go out and buy a hearing aid that
did work."

For the average consumer, hearing aids and batteries can be expensive.
Some hearing aids cost as much as $2000. If you're fitted improperly, you
could end up with a costly device that winds up inside your bureau drawer
instead of inside your ear.

The first step in buying a hearing aid is making sure your problem is
diagnosed properly, since a hearing loss may be a symptom of a more
serious medical condition.

A hearing aid seller is required by Federal law to inform you that it is in
your best interest to have a medical exam by a licensed physician. In fact,
your hearing must be evaluated by a doctor before you buy a hearing aid,
unlss you sign a statement saying you've waived that protection. Don't
sign it. It's always wise to have a doctor test your hearing so you can find
out what's causing your hearing loss and exactly what your hearing needs
are. If you're under 18, your right to a medical evaluation cannot waived.

What kind of doctor should you see to have your hearing evaluated? The
U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends an ear, nose and throat
specialist (otolaryngologist), an ear specialist (otologist) or any licensed
physician.

Look for the right seller.

Once your doctor confirms you need a hearing aid, you'll need a fitting.
Hearing aids can be difficult to fit, often requiring several adjustments.
Fitting involves careful testing of hearing loss and selecting the right aid.

That's why it's important to find a seller who will promptly respond to
your concerns and work with you to resolve fitting and volume adjustment
problems. Also look for a seller who will teach you how to use the device,
and will be available to service it. Get a referral from your doctor_or
friends who were happy with the services they received.

Who's qualified to fit hearing aids?

Under Maryland law, audiologists, hearing aid dispensers and physicians
may fit hearing aids.

* Audiologists hold a master's degree in audiology from an accredited
university. They must complete a period of supervised professional
practice according to state requirements and pass a national examination.

* Hearing aid dispensers must be high school graduates who have
completed at least six months of training under a licensed hearing aid
dispenser. They must pass both written and practical state examinations.

* Medical doctors, especially otologists and otolaryngologists, may fit
hearing aids.

These professionals are licensed by the state. Contact the Board of
Audiologists, Hearing Aid Dispensers and Speech-Language Pathologists
(410-764-4725) to verify a seller's license. You may contact the Board of
Physician Quality Assurance (410-764-2475) to confirm that a doctor is
licensed to practice medicine in Maryland.

Get it in writing.

Find out exactly what's included in the price of the hearing aid, and get it
in writing. Are there extra charges for molds, accessories or
adjustments? Does the purchase price include maintenance service,
follow-up checks and free hearing aid inspections?

As with any consumer purchase, beware of extraordinary claims. The FDA
has recently warned several hearing aid manufacturers to discontinue
claims that their hearing aids reduce background noise and improve speech
recognition in noisy environments.

Cancellations and refunds.

Under Maryland law you may now cancel your contract for any reason
within 30 days of delivery and receive a full refund, less 10% for services.
In situations where sellers document expenses greater than 10%, they may
withhold their actual expenses up to 20% of the sales price. If the seller
is unable to resolve problems in the first 30 days, it's best to cancel the
sale.

If the seller agrees to extend your return privilege to continue
adjustments beyond the 30 days, get the extension in writing.

If the sale was in your home, the seller is responsible for picking up the
aid and providing the refund. However, if the sale took place at the
business, you are responsible for the return.

It is illegal in Maryland for a seller to come to your home to sell hearing
aids without an appointment. However, if you or a relative do purchase a
hearing aid from a seller who comes to your home with an appointment,
you have three days from the date of the sale to cancel the purchase and
get a 100% refund.

Don't be fooled.

Some Marylanders have been cheated out of thousands of dollars by
dishonest hearing aid sellers. One seller, using free bogus hearing tests,
persuaded low-income, elderly consumers to buy hearing aids they didn't
need at an average cost of $2,000 a pair. Protect yourself:

* Call the Board (410-764-4725) to verify that the seller is licensed. You
may also file a complaint with the Board against the audiologist or
hearing aid dispenser.

* Contact the Health Education and Advocacy Unit (see box) to see if any
complaints have been filed against the hearing aid seller.

* Never pay cash. Use a check (payable to the company, not a salesperson)
or credit card so you can stop payment if necessary.

* Pay as small a deposit as possible, and get a receipt.

* Get a second opinion on any recommended repair not covered by your
warranty.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP
For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #30
________________________________________________________

CREDIT CARD FRAUD: A SERIOUS CHARGE

According to the National Fraud Information Center, credit card fraud in
the U.S. takes an annual toll of slightly under $1 billion a year. But who
pays the pricetag? We all do, in the form of higher finance charges, annual
fees, and costs for law enforcement.

Con artists commit fraud by stealing and selling credit cards, using
counterfeit cards, and operating mail order and telemarketing scams.
Some thieves raid mailboxes and trash cans to find credit cards and
account numbers. And some clever scam artists get this information
through electronic eavesdropping and other high-tech means.

Although credit card companies are working to design more counterfeit-
proof cards, you still need to take some simple precautions to outsmart
con artists and avoid becoming another victim of fraud.

Protect Your Credit Card

* Susie Sneak is an expert at robbing consumers' mail boxes for credit
cards that have not yet been signed by their owners. She simply signs the
owner's name on the card and heads for the shopping mall. The next day,
she throws the card away and looks for another one.

* Be aware of when your renewed cards and billing statements usually
arrive so you can contact your card issuer if there's a delay.
* Sign new cards as soon as they arrive. In a secure place, keep a record of
all your card numbers, expiration dates, phone numbers and addresses of
the card issuers.

* Periodically check your cards to make sure none are missing.

* Make it a practice not to lend your credit card to anyone. When giving
your card to a salesclerk, keep it in view, and ask for it back promptly
after an imprint has been taken.

Guard Your Credit Card Number

* Gary Gullible received a phone call from a woman promoting discount
vacation packages. All she needed was his credit card number and
expiration date, she said, to include him in a "special deal" for a Hawaiian
vacation. Gary found out the offer was phony when he never received his
airline tickets although his credit card was charged for them.

* Never give your credit card number over the phone or computer unless
you're dealing with a company you know.

* Don't put your address and phone number on a credit card transaction
form. Under Maryland law, businesses cannot record or even request this
information as a condition of accepting your credit card.

* If you pay by check, don't allow salesclerks to record your credit card
account number. However, they are allowed to see your card and record the
type (VISA, Mastercard, etc.) and the name of the issuer.

* Memorize your PIN number (personal identification number) and don't
keep it with your card. Don't select a PIN that someone could easily guess,
such as your phone number or name.

Use Your Card Wisely

* Harried Helen was holiday shopping when her wallet was stolen from her
purse. She didn't realize until she got home that all ten of her credit cards
had been stolen. She was sorry she hadn't left home the eight cards she
rarely uses.

* Avoid signing blank receipts. Draw a line through any blank spaces above
the total when you sign.

* Destroy carbons and voided receipts immediately.

* Save all credit card receipts in a secure place so that you can check
them against 
each statement.

* Carry only the cards you most frequently use, and leave the rest at home.
If you don't use certain cards at all, cut them up and throw them away.

* Notify your card company in advance of your change of address so new
cards aren't sent to your old address.

* If you lose your card or discover it's been stolen, call the card issuer
immediately. Most have a toll-free number. By law, you're not responsible
for any unauthorized charges from the time you report the loss or theft, so
document the date and time you called. If the cards are used before you
report their loss, the most you'll have to pay is $50 per card. 

* If you think someone's used your credit card or account number without
authorization, notify the card issuer immediately.
Free Publications

* A free 6-page brochure from the Consumer Protection Division provides
advice on how to watch out for telemarketing scams such as sales fraud,
investment scams and phony charitable solicitations. To order a single
copy, send a self-addressed, business-size envelope with $.29 postage
affixed to: Consumer Protection Division, 200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor,
Baltimore, MD 21202. Ask for I'll Buy That! issue #2 on telemarketing
scams.

* The Federal Trade Commission offers a number of publications on credit,
credit fraud, and related topics. For a copy of "Best Sellers," a list of the
FTC's publications, send your request to Public Reference, Room 130,
Federal Trade Commission, Washington, DC 20580, or call (202) 326-2222.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Here are some ways to save money on vacation this summer:

*  More than 700 colleges in the U.S. and abroad permit travelers to stay in
dorm rooms during summers and school breaks. Cost averages $20 per
night. Some schools have meal plans; many allow use of facilities such as
the pool and cafeteria. Check with colleges in the area you want to visit;
or contact the Campus Travel Service, P.O. Box 5486, Fullerton, CA 92635,
1-800-525-6633 for more information and a directory ($14 postpaid).

* Amtrak offers a 15% discount to travelers 62 and older on any fare
offered on non-holidays. Call 1-800-USA-RAIL for information. 

* When staying in a hotel, find out how much you'll be charged for local
phone calls. It may be cheaper to use a pay phone.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




	

TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #31
__________________________________________________________

THE ART OF COMPLAINING

While it's true that complaining can be troublesome, you can derive a lot
of satisfaction from successfully resolving your problem with the
business. You don't have to accept inferior goods or poor services.

Complaining effectively simply requires that you be well-prepared,
persistent, calm and confident about the legitimacy of your complaint.
Keep in mind that most businesses value your patronage and want an
opportunity to correct the problem so they can keep you as a customer.

An Ounce of Prevention

Most people don't anticipate having a problem with their purchase.
However, problems do arise and it's best to be prepared. When making the
purchase, find out whom to contact and what to do in the event a problem
arises.

Keep all documents relating to your purchase. They contain helpful
information that will assist you if a problem does arise. Documents
include any sales receipts, manuals, repair orders, warranties, canceled
checks, contracts, correspondence with the business, and ads describing
the product.

"He Who Hesitates..."

Always let the seller know as soon as trouble starts, so there's no
question about when the problem began. If possible, go back to the
salesperson who sold you the item. Have a reasonable attitude and state
exactly what you want_for example, a refund of your money. Many
businesses may honor your request or offer alternatives, such as a store
credit.

If you're not satisfied, politely let the salesperson know you don't accept
the offer and wish to pursue the matter further. You might ask, "Who else
can I talk to?" Then, go up the chain of command, speaking with the next
person who has authority to make a decision. If the seller is willing to
look into your complaint, give him or her time to check with others and
call you back.

It may be natural to become frustrated or angry if you have to tell your
story more than once. But stay calm. Success often rests on one's ability
to remain reasonable and coolheaded throughout the process. If angry,
you're more likely to present your case in a way that diverts attention
away from the real issue.

As long as someone in authority is willing to talk with you, it's not
necessary to send a letter. But it is necessary to put your complaint in
writing if you paid by credit card. In order to assert your rights, you must
follow strict time limitations when requesting a chargeback from a credit
card company. The procedures are explained on the back of your credit card
statements.

Be Prepared

When you talk to the seller in person or on the phone, outline the points
you want to make beforehand so you won't leave out anything important.
Have copies of relevant documents at hand.

Keep a log, documenting your efforts to resolve the problem. Note names
of people you spoke with, dates, times, and outcomes. Write down the date
the seller promised to get back to you so you can take additional action if
you haven't heard by then.

Complaint Letters

If your problem isn't resolved after you've moved up the management
chain, write a letter. Putting your complaint "on the record" lets the
company know you're serious about pursuing your grievance and ensures
they know your story.

Write to the business where you made the purchase. Find out from the
company to whom you should address your letter.

Your typed or clearly-printed letter should contain copies (never
originals) of relevant documents. As briefly and professionally as
possible, describe in this general order:

* What you want done (refund, credit, repair service, etc.)

* The transaction, including place and date of purchase.

* The item or service, including the model and serial number.

* The problem.

* Steps you've taken, in the order they occurred, to resolve it.

* Service done and who performed it.

* How you can be reached, daytime and evenings.

After mailing, allow the merchant adequate time to respond before you
take further action. Keep a copy for your file.

When the Store Refuses Responsibility

If the company operates nationally or sells a national brand, check your
records to see if it has a toll-free number or call 800 directory
assistance (1-800-555-1212). Using toll-free telephone contacts with
the company, go up the chain of command.

If your efforts fail, or if the company has no toll-free number, write a
letter to the consumer affairs department at national headquarters. You
may want to send copies of your letter to other key people in the company,
such as the appropriate vice president (check corporate directories in your
library). If you send copies to others, mention this in your letter. If you
receive no reply or an unsatisfactory response, contact the Consumer
Protection Division (see box) and we'll make every effort to mediate your
complaint.

__________________________________________________________

Sample Complaint Letter

				August 18, 1994
Dear Ms. Thyme,

I am writing to request an exchange for the wristwatch (Acme Model #10)
I bought August 15, 1994 at your store for $149. Unfortunately, the model
your salesman, Mr. Hourly, sold me is not waterproof, although I had
clearly explained to him that my hobby as a scuba diver requires me to
wear a waterproof watch.

I discovered the problem when the watch stopped while I was bathing my
toddler the following day. Although I returned to the store on August 17
for a refund, Mr. Hourly insisted the watch was waterproof and refused my
request for a refund.
Enclosed is a copy of my receipt and warranty. I can be reached daytime at
work (555-1111) or at home, evenings (555-2222)

__________________________________________________________


LIVING ON LESS

If you're a senior citizen, blind or disabled, here's a way to save money on
vacations year-round. The National Park Service offers two lifetime
entrance passes to national parks, historic sites, recreation areas and
wildlife refuges administered by the federal government that charge
entrance fees.

Both passes include a 50% discount on camping, boat launching, parking
and other services. Both passes admit the permit holder and accompanying
private car passengers. (If you don't enter by private car, the passport
admits the permit holder, spouse and children.)

*  The Golden Age Passport costs $10. You must be a citizen 62 or older to
qualify.

*  The Golden Access Passport is free to citizens who have been
determined to be blind or permanently disabled for the purposes of
receiving benefits under federal law.
You must obtain the passports in person. In Maryland, they are available at
the C & O Canal National Park in Great Falls; Antietam National Battlefield
in Sharpsburg; Catoctin Mountain Park in Thurmont; Greenbelt National
Park; Ft. McHenry National Monument in Baltimore; Assateague Island
National Seashore; and Ft. Washington Park.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.



 

TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #32
__________________________________________________________

KEEPING YOUR SAVINGS SAFE FROM CON ARTISTS

In only a few minutes, an unscrupulous con artist or fast talking
"financial advisor" can swindle an unsuspecting consumer out of a nest
egg that took a lifetime to build. Unlike muggers and thieves, investment
fraud artists don't take your money against your will; they persuade you to
hand it over willingly.

Here's how one convicted con man describes the way he targeted senior
citizens: "...The key is to become friends with the victim first. I always
talked to someone several times before ever asking for a sale. I asked
them about their life, listened to their stories, kept them company,
flattered them. `Edie, you couldn't possibly be 75 years young. Why my
wife is only 35 and you sound just like she does over the phone!' Once they
were my friends and trusted me, I could sell them until they ran out of
money..."

You don't have to be rich to capture the attention of a con artist. Many of
their prime targets are older consumers with little or no experience
investing money.

Don't Be a Target

The most common way for swindlers to victimize investors is through
unsolicited telephone calls. You can reduce the likelihood of falling victim
by refusing to talk with unsolicited callers, no matter how honest and
reputable they sound. Should you receive a call from someone you don't
know, be very cautious and don't reveal any personal or financial
information.

Salespersons who use high-pressure tactics to force you into making a
decision on the spot are almost always pitching frauds. They're afraid you
might figure out the scam if you think over the investment, consult with
your family or seek a professional's advice. They may try to convince you
that you'll lose a lot of money if you hesitate and don't "get in" right
away.

Don't be pressured into making a quick decision. Use your own
transportation to any meeting that's arranged, rather than depend upon the
salesperson's. That way you can leave whenever you want. Leave your
checkbook and credit cards at home.
Swindlers often like to develop a false bond of friendship. They may offer
gifts or unsolicited financial advice to gain your trust. Never feel
pressured to invest out of courtesy. You're under no obligation to stay on
the phone or remain at a meeting with promoters, no matter how much
time and effort they've taken to persuade you to make 
an investment.

Suspicious Sales Pitches

Beware of any promoter whose investment presentation:

* Preys on fear. Con artists know senior citizens often worry about
outliving their savings or experiencing a catastrophic event that could
wipe out savings. They may say the investment is a way to build up so
much savings you won't have to worry.

* Promises great return on your investment at little or no risk. Remember,
the higher the return, the greater the risk.

* Involves the latest trend. Be skeptical of promises of instant profits, as
in pyramid schemes, where you must enlist others. Other recent frauds
involve investments in wireless cable or telecommunications licenses or
stations, so-called "prime bank instruments," precious metals and mines,
international deals, and gas and oil drilling ventures.

* Pushes you to invest money in a plan you don't understand.

* Offers testimonials you have no way to check out.

If You're Considering Investing

Get everything in writing, review it thoroughly, and make sure you
understand all the risks. Walk away from any promoter who won't give you
references and information in writing.

But just because the promoter has glossy, complicated- looking brochures
does not mean the operation is legitimate. To find out, you must check out
the company. A financial expert not connected with the seller should look
over the information, give an unbiased opinion and explain the investment
to you.

Confirm that the promoter is registered and in good standing. The Maryland
Securities Division (410-576-7784) maintains and has access to
databases with this information. Many investment opportunities must be
registered in Maryland before sale, and investment promoters must be
licensed.

The National Association of Securities Dealers (800-289-9999) can also
provide information on brokers and financial advisers.

After You Invest

Stay in charge of your money. Be suspicious of any planner who says,
"leave everything to me." Instead, insist on regular statements and
monitor the activity on your account. Ask lots of questions about activity
on your account that looks excessive or unauthorized. If the promoter
makes excuses or stalls when you demand your money, you may be dealing
with a swindler.

If you suspect something's amiss with your investment and cannot resolve
your concerns, demand your money and call the Securities Division
immediately. Don't let embarrassment or fear keep you from reporting
fraud. The longer you wait, the harder it is for the authorities to track
down a con artist.

Con artists understand the panic you'd feel after a financial loss. It's the
ideal time for them to approach you again, promising a "sure" way to
recover your lost money. Don't fall victim twice.

For more information on avoiding investment fraud, write: Securities
Division, Attorney General's Office, 200 St. Paul Place, 20th floor,
Baltimore, MD 21202.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Here are some ways to save money on home-packed school lunches:

* Prepackaged, individual-sized snack foods such as chips, cookies and
candies are convenient but expensive. Instead, buy healthy goodies in bulk
quantities and package them yourself.

* Avoid buying prepackaged snack cups. Instead, buy a few half-cup
leakproof containers and pack your own applesauce, gelatin, pudding, fruit
or yogurt. Cut down on trash by sending a spoon that can be brought home
and washed.

* Think about school lunches as you plan your dinner menus for the week,
and make extra portions of those foods that can be made into sandwiches.
Some school cafeterias now have microwaves for reheating leftovers.

* Put a smile on your child's face at lunchtime. Include a brief message or
surprise in his or her lunch box. It could be a word of encouragement, a
joke, or even a photo.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #33
__________________________________________________________

SHOPPING BY MAIL, PHONE, FAX OR COMPUTER

Especially during the holiday season, many consumers enjoy the
convenience of shopping by mail or phone. Since mail order companies rely
on repeat sales to stay in business, most are anxious to provide good
merchandise and customer service. 

Still, complaints about mail order purchases rank high on the list of
consumer gripes. Here are some typical examples: 

* When a Montgomery County man ordered a camera lens from a mail order
company by phone, the sales clerk assured him the lens would fit his
camera. It didn't, and he returned it. But his refund did not include the
$17.50 he paid for shipping, insurance and handling.

* A Baltimore woman ordered two TV antennas costing $21. Although the
company cashed her check right away, the merchandise didn't arrive for
four months.

* A Howard County collector ordered two decorative plates for $56.
Although her check was cashed, the package she received contained only
one of the plates.

By exercising caution before you order, and understanding your rights, you
can often avoid problems or correct them easily if they do occur.

Before You Order

Deal only with companies you know are reputable. Ask friends and
relatives about their experiences, and call the Consumer Protection
Division (see box) to find out about a company's complaint record. Be wary
of a company listing only a P.O. box instead of a street address.

Don't rely solely on a picture for information. Read the description
carefully. Is the belt included with the dress? Are the earrings pictured
actual size? If the company provides a toll-free number, call if you have
questions.

Consider the total cost of your order, including shipping and long-distance
phone charges. Be leery of ads for diet plans and exercise gadgets that
guarantee success, or health products promising easy, quick or painless
cures. Testimonials from delighted consumers are often fictitious.

When Ordering

* When responding to a TV ad, get the name of the person taking your order
and the name and address of the sponsoring company. (The telephone
number and address given in the ad may not be the proper office for
handling inquiries or problems.) 
* Never send cash.
* Understand the company's refund and return policy. Ask for a copy of the
warranty before you buy.
* Complete the order form neatly and completely.
* Don't buy optional shipping insurance. It's the shipper's responsibility to
make sure your package arrives safely and on time.
* Until you're satisfied with the merchandise, keep the ad or catalog, and
a copy of your order form showing order date, price, description and
method of shipment.

Delivery Delays

The federal government requires companies to advise you up-front when
the goods will be delivered. If the company doesn't state a delivery date,
the law requires that the goods be delivered within 30 days.

If the promised date won't be met, the seller must send you a notice
giving you the choice of agreeing to the delay or cancelling your order and
receiving a refund within seven business days after you cancel. (For
charge orders, the company has one billing cycle to credit your account.)
The company must provide a cost-free way for you to respond.

If the delay exceeds 30 days and you don't give your consent to the delay,
the seller must return your money.

Exceptions to this law include book and record club subscriptions, COD
orders, services, seeds and growing plants.

Problems?

* Damaged merchandise: Write the company immediately; keep a copy of
your letter. Don't return the merchandise until the company responds to
your letter, explaining how and where to return the order. Ask for a pre-
paid label so you don't incur expense.

* Unsatisfactory merchandise: Check the warranty or ask the seller about
a replacement, repair or refund. If you think the ad was misleading or you
suspect a scam, contact the Consumer Protection Division and your local
postal inspector.

* Unordered merchandise: If a product you didn't order comes by mail, you
have the right to keep it as a free gift. If you're pressured with demands
for payment, contact the Consumer Protection Division and the Federal
Trade Commission (6th St. and Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20580).

* Undelivered merchandise: Contact the company. It should be responsible
for tracing the item. If the item cannot be located, most companies will
replace it. 

When you use your credit card to pay for purchases by phone or mail, you
have the right to dispute a charge if you find a billing error on your
statement or if the goods you bought are unsatisfactory. Check the back of
your credit card statement for the procedures you must follow to be
protected by the law, or send for the FTC's free brochure "Shopping by
Phone or Mail" (write Public Reference at above address or call 202-326-
2222).

If you cannot resolve your mail order complaint, call or write the
Consumer Protection Division (see box).
__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Here are some ways to save money on gas and prolong your car's life,
while cutting down on pollution:

* Follow the manufacturer's recommended service schedule in your auto
manual.

* Don't warm up your car for more than 30 seconds. Today's cars no longer
need warming up.

* Drive at steady speeds, without abrupt starts and stops.

* Don't let the car idle.

* If most of your driving is on short trips in the city, take the car out
occasionally to get the speedometer up to steady highway speeds.
Source: Good Housekeeping, 3/94
__________________________________________________________

New Publication: How to Sort Out Medical Bills

A free 6-page brochure from the Consumer Protection Division explains
how to sort out medical bills after a hospital stay. To order a single copy,
send a self-addressed, stamped, business-size envelope to: Consumer
Protection Division, 200 St. Paul Place, 16th floor, Baltimore, MD 21202.
Ask for I'll Buy That! issue #10 on hospital and specialist bills.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #34
__________________________________________________________

TEST YOUR COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE

In recent years, it's become increasingly difficult to be a wise consumer.
With more and more products, services and financing alternatives to
choose from, it's often hard to keep up with all the choices and rights
available to you.

Test your knowledge of consumer issues_and have some fun too_by
taking our consumer quiz. Our Consumer Protection Division staff has
assembled a list of 10 questions consumers frequently ask us.
Explanations appear on side two.

If you'd like more information about any of the topics covered in the quiz,
send for our list of publications by mailing a self-addressed, stamped
envelope to: Publications List, Consumer Protection Division, 200 St. Paul
Place, 16th floor, Baltimore, MD 21202.

1. You receive a notice in the mail: "Congratulations! You've won a valuable
prize..." In order to receive your prize, the company requires you to send a
$10 reclamation fee. As a Maryland resident, can you be required to pay
such a fee? 

	a. Yes. If you choose not to pay, you won't get the prize. 

	b. No. In order to receive a prize, you can't be required to pay
	anything. 

	c. Yes, as long as the prize is worth $100 or more.


2. You bought a new car and drove it home. The next morning, you start
having second thoughts. Are you obligated to keep the car? 

	a. No, as long as you cancel the contract in writing within 24 hours.

	b. No, you have three business days (72 hours) to cancel any contract.

	c. In most cases, yes. There's no automatic right to cancel a car
	purchase.


3. The store ran an anniversary sale and clearly posted signs "All Sales
Final." When you get home, you notice the zipper in your new dress is
broken. The store...

	a. Is obligated to repair the zipper, replace the dress or give you a
	refund.

	b. Is under no obligation to correct the problem because the store
	policy was clearly stated before you made the purchase.

	c. Is required to correct the problem only if you charged the dress on
	a credit card.

4. Your kitchen remodeler promises you his workers will haul away all the
trash after the job is done, but this is not written into the contract.
Should you ask the contractor to add this term? 

	a. Yes. It's always best to have promises put in writing. 

	b. No, as long as he said it verbally, that's good enough. c. No, the
	contractor would think your request is insulting. After all, he did
	promise to do the clean-up.

5. You buy a 1987 car with 63,000 miles on it. The car is marked "as is,"
which means...

	a. The dealer is responsible for all repairs for up to 30 days. 
	b. You have the right to receive a limited written warranty.
	c. You are responsible for any repairs the vehicle needs.

6. You enter into a rent-to-own agreement for a 19" TV set. The cash price
(the amount you'd pay to buy the TV with one payment) is $311. You'll pay
$9.99 a week until you own the TV in 52 weeks. When the year ends, about
how much will you have paid, and at what interest rate?

	a. $395.17 at 21% interest. 
	b. $482.10 at 52% interest. 
	c. $519.48 at 112% interest.

7. You're getting ready to move out of your apartment next month. Can you
require your landlord to apply your security deposit to your last month's
rent?
	
	a. No. You can ask, but it's up to the landlord.
	
	b. Yes, as long as you signed a lease when you took the apartment. 
	
	c. Yes, as long as you've given notice of your intent to move.

8. You owe $2,000 on your credit card and pay 18.5% annual interest. Each
month, you pay 1/36th of the outstanding balance or $20 (whichever is
higher). Assuming you make no additional charges, guess how much you'll
pay for the purchases and interest when the bill is paid off, and how long
it will take to retire the debt?

	a. About $2,500 over 3 years 

	b. About $3,000 over 7 years 

	c. About $4,000 over 11 years

9. You and a business sign a contract. The business says you'll receive your
copy of the contract by mail within three working days. It's best to...

	a. Tell the salesperson she must mail your copy within 24 hours
	under the law.

	b. Tell the salesperson she must mail you a notarized copy.

	c. Insist on your copy before you leave, even if you'll be getting
	another copy in the mail later.

10. You're moving away from the area and would like to have your medical
records from your allergist with you. Under Maryland law... 

	a. Only doctors and hospitals can request your medical records.

	b. You have a right to a copy if you request it in writing and pay the
	copying costs, which are limited by law.

	c. You have a right to obtain a free copy if you make a written
	request.


Answers

1. b. Under Maryland law, if you're notified that you've won a prize or are
eligible to receive anything of value, you can't be required to submit to a
sales promotion or pay any money to receive the prize.

2. c. Many consumers mistakenly believe all contracts allow a 3-day
cooling-off period to cancel. Generally, there's no cooling off period after
you sign a contract. (In Maryland, only a few types of transactions, such as
door-to-door sales contracts, allow you three business days to cancel.)
However, if the dealer promised finance terms, such as a certain interest
rate or monthly payment, and is unable to honor those terms, you couldn't
be forced to accept other terms and may cancel the contract.

3. a. If an item you buy is defective, the merchant is required to repair the
item, replace it or give a refund, regardless of the store's return policy or
how you paid for the item.

4. a. Make sure everything you and seller agreed upon is written into the
contract. Never rely upon the accuracy of the seller's memory. People can
honestly forget things that were only spoken, whereas nobody can "forget"
something that's been written in the contract.

5. c. If a car is over 6 years old and has more than 60,000 miles on it, a
dealer may sell the car "as is." When you buy a car "as is," you take the
entire risk regarding its quality. The MVA requires you to sign a disclosure
form showing that you understand you've waived your right to all warranty
protection.

6. c. Rent-to-own consumers who ultimately buy the product by making the
required rental payments pay much more than the amount it would cost to
buy the item for cash, on layaway, or on an installment plan. Nationally,
rent-to-own stores charge an average annual percentage rate of 111%,
according to the Maryland Public Interest Research Group.

7. a. The landlord has no obligation to apply your security deposit to your
rent, but the landlord also can't withhold your security deposit unless you
owe rent or damage the apartment.

8. c. If at all possible, pay more than the minimum payment on your credit
card bill, because paying the minimum means that you're paying the
maximum interest. In this example, total interest costs over the life of
the loan doubled the cost of the original purchase.

9. c. After signing a contract, get a copy before you leave, and keep it in
case any questions arise later about the terms.

10. b. You have the right to receive copies of your medical records for any
reason from any health care provider. The exception to this rule is mental
health records, which physicians and other providers may choose to
withhold and, instead, provide you with only a written summary of your
record. A provider may charge you fees to copy your records, not to exceed
50 cents per page, plus a $15 retrieval fee and actual postage and
handling. These 1994 fees may be adjusted annually for inflation. Fee
limitations do not apply to x-rays.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Issue #35
_________________________________________________________

BOGUS PROPERTY RESALE OFFERS

If you own a campground membership, timeshare, recreational real estate
or undeveloped property, beware of people who offer to help you sell your
membership or property for an advance fee. Most of these resale programs
are scams.

The Consumer Protection Division has heard from other states about bogus
resale offers and has recently been informed that such con artists are
contacting Maryland consumers. Typically, consumers receive phone calls
or mailings from companies offering to sell their memberships,
timeshares and recreational property, and asking for a deposit or an
advance fee ranging from $225 to $1,600.

Here are some excerpts from three mailings that Maryland consumers
received and reported to the Division:

* "Because of the tremendous response from our nationwide campaign,
several buyers have contacted us with an interest in purchasing land like
yours..."

* "If you're in a position to sell for cash now, please call us within 72
hours on our toll-free number..."

* "Remember, the sale is guaranteed or we will buy it. If you wish to
finalize, please send us a fee of $495"

Promises, Promises

If you respond to one of those mailings, you may think you're paying a real
estate broker to represent you and that buyers have already expressed an
interest in your property. However, many consumers learn later that at
best the company offers only advertising and no realtors' services_or
any other service.

According to the Federal Trade Commission, bogus timeshare resale
companies will promise to sell a timeshare for a price equal to or higher
than the amount you paid, and may claim to have extensive lists of sales
agents and potential buyers. If these companies really had the buyers they
claim, they wouldn't need to collect an advance fee from consumers
because they would have no problem brokering the sale.

One Maryland consumer reported that the salesman "appeared to have all
the pertinent information about the piece of property in question and
during the conversation `suggested' it could be sold for $44,000." The
consumer, however, knew the fair market value of the property to be only
$39,000. 

Hot Market?

The company may also claim the market for resales is "hot" and tout high
success rates in reselling, when in reality there may be no secondary
market for the type of property you'd like to sell. One consumer became
suspicious because the salesperson claimed that the company was having
great success selling properties_when the consumer's unimproved
building lot had been on the market for over three years without an offer.

In Ocean City, the truth is there is an extremely limited resale market for
timeshare condos. They are difficult to resell and nearly impossible to
resell at a profit. Most local real estate agents do not list them for sale.
Last year, of the 246 timeshare units listed for resale by one Ocean City
realtor, only 33 were sold.

Similarly, consumers contacting the Division have uniformly reported that
they have been unsuccessful in their attempts to resell their campground
memberships.

Take Some Precautions

If someone contacts you, offering to resell your campground membership,
timeshare, recreational property or undeveloped property, take some
precautions:

* Never pay an advance fee. Try to find a company that offers to take a fee
only after the sale is executed. If there is truly a resale market, such
arrangements should be possible.

* Never submit to pressure to make a quick decision. Legitimate
businesses don't expect people to make important decisions on the spot.

* Get references from consumers who have used the company's servlces.

* Call the real estate licensing board in the state where the property is
located to make sure the company is licensed to broker real estate
transactions. If the property is located in Maryland, call the Real Estate
Commission at 410-333-6230.

* Call the Consumer Protection Division (410-528-8662) to see if any
complaints have been filed against the company.

Your Selling Options

If you would like to resell your campground membership, timeshare,
recreational property or undeveloped property, you can try selling it
yourself by placing ads in newspapers or magazines that potential buyers
would read.

You can also contact a real estate agent who is familiar with the area and
properties there. Get referrals from others who have used the agent's
services and were satisfied.

Also, you can contact an organization that will try to exchange your
timeshare with someone else who has a unit you might like better.

A Thought For The Future

The next time someone tries to sell you any type of recreational real
estate, don't believe claims about how easy reselling it would be. There is
virtually no resale market for timeshares and campground memberships.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Did you know that automobile tires are graded by their manufacturers?
Under the Uniform Tire Quality Grading System (UTQGS), tires are graded
in three areas: treadwear, traction and temperature resistance. The
ratings appear on a paper label affixed to the tire tread, and on the
sidewalls.

While it's not a safety rating or guarantee of mileage or performance, the
UTQGS provides important information that helps you make wise shopping
decisions without having to rely solely upon advertising claims, price,
brand loyalty or a salesperson's recommendation. For example, you may be
surprised to discover that the expensive tire you're considering is not
necessarily the tire with the highest grades.

For information that explains uniform tire quality grading in more detail,
write the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Consumer
Affairs Office at 400 7th St., S.W., Room 5232, Washington, DC 20591.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1994. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.







TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #36				

Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

WHEN A STORE GOES OUT OF BUSINESS: WHAT CONSUMERS SHOULD KNOW

* A Montgomery County consumer purchased living room furniture
for $3,533 from a retailer. She charged her deposit of $1,533 on her credit
card. Three months later, while still awaiting her furniture, she received
a letter from the manufacturer saying that the retailer had discontinued
operations and would not be delivering her furniture.
	
* An Anne Arundel County couple purchased baby furniture totaling
$1,370, paying a down payment of $720 by personal check. The store
promised delivery in 8 to 12 weeks, which was in advance of their baby's
due date. When the furniture did not arrive by the promised time, they
contacted the store and received assurances that it was expected shortly.
Several days later their daughter was born. Shortly thereafter, the couple
visited the store only to discover it vacant.

Even though the economy is picking up, running a small business can
still be difficult. Many retailers don't make it and end up closing their
doors. Fortunately, many stores that shut down try their best to provide
the merchandise promised to customers who have placed orders and made
deposits.

Unfortunately, as many consumers have learned, you can also get
burned when a business closes. You can lose the money you've paid into a
layaway agreement. You can lose your deposit on ordered merchandise.
Your gift certificate or store credit may become worthless once a
business shuts its doors forever.

But by taking a few precautions when you shop, you may be able to
avoid problems when a store you patronize closes down.

Paying Deposits

If you've ever ordered merchandise that will be delivered in the future,
such as furniture or a bridal gown, you know it's typical for a retailer to
ask for a deposit. However, there's no law governing how much of a
deposit_if any_you must pay (except for home improvement contracts,
where the law limits your deposit to no more than one-third of the cost of
the job).

Therefore, try to negotiate with the merchant on the deposit so that
you pay as little up-front as possible. Since different stores have
different policies on deposits, call around before buying to find out what
is customary in the industry.

Then, protect your deposit by paying it with a credit card. Laws
regulating credit card issuers provide you with certain safeguards if the
business fails to deliver the merchandise.

When The Store Owes You Money

	
If the store closes and owes you money or merchandise, you become
a creditor, standing in line with all of the store's other creditors for
what's owed to you. If the merchant had filed for bankruptcy protection,
it's unlikely he has the money to repay all of his creditors. Depending on
the amount of your deposit and the circumstances surrounding all the
other creditors, you may receive back all, some or none of your deposit
under the bankruptcy law. It's always wise to file a "Proof of Claim" with
the U.S. Bankruptcy Court where the business filed for bankruptcy, even if
the business has limited assets.
	
If the business has not filed for bankruptcy protection, you can take
the business to court_but collecting a judgment can be very difficult and
time consuming, and sometimes expensive.
	
If you paid your deposit by credit card, you can request a refund of
your deposit from the credit card issuer under the Fair Credit Billing Act.
The procedures you must follow to request a "chargeback" are explained
on the back of credit card statements.

Going Out Of Business Sales

Under Maryland law, any going out of business sale can last no more
than 60 days. This law covers all sales at store locations discontinuing
their operation, including close-out sales, liquidation sales, or lost-our-
lease sales.
	
The store must take inventory of all the items to be sold, and the
retailer cannot restock the shelves with new merchandise for the purpose
of the sale.

Take Precautions

You may be able to pick up some good bargains at a going out of
business sale. But sometimes, the only "bargains" are on shoddy
merchandise improperly brought in by a liquidation company hired to take
over the operation of the close-out.
	
* Check the merchandise to make sure it's the same quality as
merchandise you've bought at the store previously.
	
* Don't assume you're getting bargain prices. Comparison shop
elsewhere to be sure.
	
* Ask about refunds. The store's refund policy may be different than
before, now that it's going out of business.
	
* Ask the store what you should do and whom to contact if an item
you purchase turns out to be defective. It may be difficult to exercise your
rights to a refund on defective merchandise once the company is out of
business.
	
If you think a company has violated Maryland law, or if you have
questions or complaints about stores that are going out of business,
contact the Consumer Protection Division's Complaint Handling Unit (see
box).

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

It's not necessary to buy expensive exercise equipment or join a
health spa to get in shape. Here are some inexpensive ways to stay fit
during the cold winter months: 
* Walk, jog or run around outdoors if weather permits. 
* Climb stairs or walk in hilly areas. 
* Jump rope or bench step to music. 
* Take up swimming or cross-country skiing. 
* On warmer days, bicycle or roller skate outdoors. 
* Create your own home gym with dumbbells, free weights, jump rope,
floor mat, exercise videos and a bench for stepping. 

Source: Club Maryland News, Winter 1994

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #37 
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_______________________________________________________

CREDIT CARD CLOUT

* A Baltimore woman asked her car dealer to correct an engine
problem. The shop claimed she needed a number of repairs totaling $1,013,
which she paid by credit card. When the problem continued, the dealer
admitted the problem had not been properly diagnosed earlier. After
complaining to the dealer, she contacted her credit card company, and it
agreed to remove the charge from her bill.
	
*  An Anne Arundel County consumer purchased a ceiling fan by
credit card from a company that offered free installation. After six
weeks, the merchant had not yet delivered or installed the fan, despite the
consumer's complaints to him. She then contacted her credit card
company, which agreed to issue her a full credit of $115 after notifying
the merchant.

Has a department store's computer ever billed your account for
merchandise you didn't buy? Have you ever been dissatisfied with a car
repair even after returning to the shop to complain?
	
If you paid for your goods or services by credit card, you have rights
that you don't have if you paid by check, money order or cash. The federal
Fair Credit Billing Act sets up procedures that require creditors to
correct mistakes quickly and resolve disputes between consumers and
merchants. Your rights are summarized on the back of your credit card
statements.

Billing Errors and Disputes

Say your statement includes a mistake, such as:
*  a charge for something you didn't buy;
*  a charge for the incorrect amount;
*  a charge made by someone not authorized to use your account;
*  a charge for something you didn't accept on delivery;
*  a charge for an item not delivered as agreed;
*  an arithmetic error;
*  a failure to show a payment or credit to your account.

If you think your bill contains such an error, you must notify your
creditor's customer service department in writing within 60 days after
the bill was sent to you. (You can call, but you should follow up by letter.)
Don't automatically enclose your letter in the envelope with your payment.
The payment may go to a different office. Read the instructions on your
billing statement carefully.
	
In your letter, tell your credit card company your name and account
number; that you believe the bill contains an error; why you believe the
amount is wrong; and the date and amount of the item in dispute. If you
wish, enclose photocopies (never originals) of sales slips or other
documents.
	
The credit card company must acknowledge your letter within 30
days. Within 90 days, they must correct the mistake or explain why the
bill is correct, after having conducted a reasonable investigation.
	
The charge may appear on your bill while the dispute is being
resolved, but the credit card company must advise you that you're not
required to pay the charge until the dispute is resolved. During that period
of time you should withhold payment on the disputed amount. However, you
are responsible for all the other charges on your bill. During this time,
your creditor cannot report you as delinquent or add finance charges on the
disputed amount, but the disputed amount is allowed to count against your
credit limit.

Disputes Over Quality of Goods or Services

If you are dissatisfied with the quality of the goods or services you
purchased and have tried unsuccessfully to resolve your dispute with the
merchant, you can request a chargeback from the credit card issuer. Under
federal law, credit card companies are required to honor chargeback
requests only if the amount charged was more than $50 and you made the
purchase in your home state or within 100 miles from your home.
	
You should write your credit card company's customer service
department as soon as you discover the problem. Tell them that you are
requesting a chargeback under the special rules of the Fair Credit Billing
Act.
	
In your letter, include your account number, the specific amount on
the bill that you are declining to pay, and the steps you've already taken to
try to settle the dispute. You're allowed to withhold payment only on the
unpaid balance of the disputed item at the time you first told the
merchant or credit card issuer about the problem.

Resolving the Dispute

If the dispute is resolved in your favor, you won't be required to pay
for the merchandise and the charge will never reappear on your bill. If
your request for a chargeback is denied, you can be charged interest on the
unpaid amount, although some banks may waive the interest.
	
Generally, credit card issuers try to help consumers in a disputed
transaction. Even if you already paid your bill before you discovered the
problem, most credit card issuers will still consider your request for a
chargeback.
	
However, a merchant can protest your chargeback request. Also, the
merchant has the right under the law to try to collect from you directly or
take you to court_even if your card issuer grants the chargeback.
	
Taking a minute to read your chargeback rights on your monthly
statement may save you hours of time or trouble later.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

More than 30,000 eligible Maryland workers may not be taking
advantage of an income tax break that can be as much as $2,528, according
to the IRS. The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is available to:
* Workers earning less than $25,296 with 2 or more children;
* Workers earning less than $23,755 with 1 child; and
*  Workers age 25-64 without children who earn less than $9,000.
	
You can claim the credit on both federal and state tax returns. You
must file a return to claim the credit even if you need not otherwise file a
return. The IRS and trained community volunteers can help you complete
the necessary calculations.
	
In addition, the Advanced Earned Income Tax Credit for 1995 can be
as much as $105 a month extra in your paycheck. Eligible taxpayers must
complete form W-5 at their workplace.
	
Call the IRS at 1-800-829-1040 or the state's help line at 1-800-
MD-TAXES for more information.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.








TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #38				
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

PAYING IN ADVANCE FOR FUTURE SERVICES

* "We can offer this five-year contract for lawn care services for a
special price today only."
	
* "If you buy a two-year membership at our gym, you'll be eligible
for our special discount pricing plan."
	
* "Sign our contract today for this special price and if you change
your mind, you can always cancel."

These types of sales pitches often encourage consumers to sign
long-term contracts for future services, such as memberships in health
clubs or vacation clubs, private lessons, lawn or home service contracts,
or dating services. However, many consumers who do sign such long-term
contracts complain afterwards because the service was unsatisfactory,
they really couldn't use the service, or the business closed its doors.
	
Unless you're totally familiar with the service being sold and the
business selling it, it's always best to sign a short-term contract. Then,
if you like the service and the company, you can sign a long-term contract.
If you don't like it, you're not committed to paying for a contract that
extends for a long time into the future. 

The Service May be Unsatisfactory

* A St. Mary's County couple purchased a 5-year membership in a
vacation club for $3,708. When the club arranged air travel and hotel for a
trip, the experience was unsatisfactory. Afterwards, the couple was
unsuccessful in their effort to obtain a refund.
	
* A Baltimore County consumer paid $1,002 for a one-year contract
to eliminate termites. During the year, she continued to notice evidence of
termites despite retreatment. The company also said paneling must be
removed and reinstalled at her expense in order to treat the problem. She
was unable to receive a refund.

Try to find out as much as possible about the service and the
company before signing any contract. Check the company's complaint
record with the Consumer Protection Division, and ask the business for
names of some customers_and call them.

Make certain you understand exactly what service you'll be receiving
under the contract and any additional expenses you may be required to pay.
For example, ask an exterminator: Who pays for carpentry work required to
treat infested areas? Ask the travel club: Does the package cost include
airlines, processing, hotel, taxes, meals, peak season and maintenance?
	
Find out what the company will do if the service doesn't do what it's
supposed to do, such as make your lawn grow or get rid of insects. Is the
company giving you a warranty and, if so, what relief will it provide you if
the warranty is breached? 

You May Not Use the Service

* A Prince George's County mother contracted with a karate school
for classes for her 4-year-old. The agreement obligated her to pay $943
over three years. The mixed-age class was too large and when he lost
interest after a few lessons, his mother tried unsuccessfully to cancel
her contract.
	
* A Baltimore man joined a dating service and charged the
membership fee of $3,105 on his credit card. The membership
representative assured him he'd find many suitable members in their files
to contact. But he didn't like the selection and stopped using the service
shortly after joining. He requested a refund, but the company refused.
	
Despite all the best intentions, many consumers find they don't use
the services provided under a long-term contract. Such a situation is
frustrating because you may be obligated to continue making payments
under the contract, despite the fact that you're not utilizing the service.
Don't assume you'll use it unless you have used the particular service in
the past.

The Business May Close

Arrange to pay dues or other fees monthly or quarterly, so you won't
lose as much money if the business closes. In Maryland, 44 health clubs,
self-defense schools and weight loss centers closed their doors in 1994.
For more information on health clubs and consumer rights, send in a self-
addressed, stamped envelope (see box for address). Ask for I'll Buy That!
#4.
	
If a company sells its services only through long-term contracts,
find a business that uses short-term contracts. Many do.

Beware of Misleading Statements About Cancellation Rights

* Before agreeing to join a Howard County health club, a consumer
told the club he'd probably move out of state shortly. He was assured that
cancellation in that event would be no problem. When he cancelled,
showing documentation of his move, the club continued to debit his credit
card account for the membership fee and late charges. When he complained
to the club, he was told his cancellation request hadn't been approved.
	
Some businesses will try to convince you that you have nothing to
lose in signing a long-term contract because if you change your mind, you
can cancel. Don't allow this argument to convince you to sign a long-term
contract for a service with which you're unfamiliar. Generally, there's no
cooling off period after you sign a contract.
	
In Maryland, only a few types of transactions allow you to cancel
within a few days_but exercising that right is not always easy. You have
the right to cancel a contract for a health club, self-defense school or
weight loss center within three days after you sign. You have 10 days to
cancel a timeshare, vacation or campground membership sold in Maryland.
But you'll probably not know within 3 or 10 days whether the services
will be satisfactory. In contrast, if you don't sign the contract you'll have
an unlimited amount of time to decide if you really want to purchase the
service.
	
You do not have a right to cancel other types of future service
contracts unless it is clearly stated in the written contract. However,
even if you have a right to cancel a long-term contract, don't sign it
unless you're 100% certain you want and will use the service, and that the
seller will provide you with a service that will satisfy you.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

If you're a taxpayer who is elderly, low-income, handicapped, non-
English speaking, or a member of the military, you can receive free tax
assistance from volunteers trained by the IRS. This service is available at
about 100 locations in Maryland.
	
Most sites are in churches, community centers, libraries, senior
centers and other neighborhood locations. For the site nearest you, call the
IRS at (410) 962-2590 in Baltimore or (800) 829-1040 elsewhere in
Maryland.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #39			
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
__________________________________________________________

DO YOU NEED A SERVICE CONTRACT?

* When a Columbia couple purchased a washing machine from a retail
store, they also bought a 2-year service contract for $140. When the
appliance malfunctioned, they called the store_only to learn that their
service contract was not with the store, but with an out-of-state 
company that had since filed for bankruptcy. 
	
* A Baltimore man bought a compact disc player and a 2-year
service contract for it. He was told his service contract begins when the
store's standard 90-day service period expires. When his stereo became
inoperable 2 years after purchase, he was surprised to learn that his
service contract had expired_when three months should be remaining on
it. The reason? It had gone into effect on the date of purchase, not 90 days
later, as promised.


You've spent considerable time comparison shopping for an
electronics item or appliance that will best suit your family's needs. You
asked friends for recommendations, checked out consumer publications,
tested different products and compared store prices before making a final
decision. Then, as the salesperson is ringing up your purchase, she asks a
question you hadn't considered: "Do you want to buy a service contract?" 

These days, service contracts (or extended warranties) are routinely
offered on electronics products and home appliances. Like manufacturers'
warranties, service contracts provide repair or maintenance for a specific
period of time. But unlike a warranty that comes with the product you
purchase, an extended warranty costs extra. It's a kind of "repair
insurance" that you buy separately from the product.     
	
Even though a service contract may be represented as offering peace
of mind, there are other reasons so many retailers recommend them.
According to Consumer Reports, sales of service contracts can generate
more profit for the retailer than the merchandise does. That's because
less than 20% of consumers who buy service contracts ever use them, and
retailers incur only 4-15 cents in service costs for every dollar
consumers pay for such contracts. An electronics corporation executive
put it this way: "Service contracts are added profit. Cost to consumers
generally is twice what retailers pay third party contractors for service
policy."
	
When you buy a service contract, you're assuming your appliance or
equipment will break down after your manufacturer's warranty expires,
but before the service contract does. However, appliances and electronic
equipment that break down usually do so early in their service life, when
you're still covered by your manufacturer's warranty. 
Service contracts can cost anywhere from $50 to $500. Before you pay for
more protection than you need, read the service contract carefully and
find out:
	
1. How does your regular warranty coverage compare with the
service contract? Make sure any extended warranty coverage begins when
your regular warranty ends, so you're not wasting money on duplicate
coverage.
	
2. Exactly what is included_and not included_in the service
contract? What parts, labor and maintenance are covered? If specific
items are not mentioned, assume they're not covered. Find out whether
repairs resulting from misuse, wear and tear, or unsatisfactory
maintenance are covered, and what these terms mean. If your product
requires annual maintenance or inspection, would that be covered by the
extended warranty?
	
3. Is the item likely to need repairs? Buying merchandise with a
good performance record is your best insurance against getting a lemon.
Check product repair histories in publications such as Consumer Reports.
Today, many solid-state electronics products and major appliances tend to
be sturdy and enjoy a long service life. Some manufacturers even have
toll-free telephone numbers to help you with minor do-it-yourself repairs. 
	
4. What other expenses must you pay when the item needs service?
Does the service contract require you to pay a charge, such as a
deductible, each time service is needed? Who pays shipping costs?
	
5. How and where can you get service? Does the service contract
include in-home service? Are you required to bring the item to a specific
dealer for repair? If you relocate to another area, will service be readily
available?
	
6. Who backs the service contract? When some consumers have tried
to use their service contracts, they've found the company that issued the
contract has gone out of business and cannot repay claims. Companies
whose service contracts are considered insurance have to be licensed with
the Insurance Commissioner and meet minimum financial
standards.	Before signing a service contract, check out the company with
the Insurance Commissioner (410-333-6300).
	
7. Can you opt to buy the service contract in a year or two? You may
want to wait until you've owned the item for awhile, and until your
manufacturer's warranty expires, before considering a service contract.
Find out if the price of the service contract will be higher if you wait.
Your salesperson may tell you a policy can be bought only when you
purchase the appliance. That's not true. Maybe that store won't sell you a
policy later, but other repair shops and service companies will.
	
8. Is an extended warranty available through your credit card
company? Some credit card companies offer extended warranties if you
buy a product with their card. Check with your card issuer for the terms
and conditions.

------------------Extended Warranties for Cars--------------------

	The Federal Trade Commission offers a free pamphlet for consumers
called "Auto Service Contracts." Write the FTC, Public Reference Branch,
6th St. and Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20580 or call 202-326-
2222.

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

* Many recipes call for small amounts of chicken stock. After
making stock, freeze the extra in ice cube trays and put the frozen cubes
in plastic bags. Defrost cubes as you need them for stir-fry and other
tasty dishes.
	
* Crumbled cookies of all varieties make great toppings for sundaes,
fruit and other desserts.
	
* Canned beans cost about three times more than dry, and contain
more sodium.
	
* Don't store bread in the refrigerator; it gets stale faster. Unless
you plan to eat it within a few days, store it in the freezer.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance,
including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local
Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First
Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #40				
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
________________________________________________________
SWITCHING YOUR LONG DISTANCE PHONE COMPANY WITHOUT YOUR PERMISSION

* A Baltimore woman complained when her long distance company
was changed without her knowledge. Apparently, her daughter, who lived
in another household, had authorized the switch_just by completing a
Hawaiian vacation contest entry form that asked for a home telephone
number.
	
* One day a Severna Park man was surprised to discover, on his
monthly telephone bill, that his account had been switched to a new long
distance carrier. It turns out that someone he didn't know cashed the long
distance company's promotional check, and by doing so, authorized the
switch. The company had not verified that the phone number being
switched actually belonged to the person cashing the check.

In the last two years, more than 4,200 consumers have complained
to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) about sudden,
unauthorized switches in their long distance phone service_a practice
known as "slamming."  In fact, it's the number one telephone-related
complaint received by the FCC.  
	
Although slamming first started in the 1980's, the FCC tightened its
rules to require that phone companies get authorization from consumers
before switching their service. But authorization may be written or
verbal, and clever marketers have found creative new ways to get
consumers to authorize switches without realizing it.  The marketers
often target immigrants who do not speak English well. 

SOME OF THE LATEST "SLAMMING" METHODS

* Contest, drawings and sweepstakes forms. Read the fine print
carefully before you submit entry forms. Be especially wary if the form
says you're required to give your phone number and signature. Doing so may
authorize a change in your long distance company.
	
* Rebates and checks. Again, read the fine print to find out what
outcome will result from endorsing the check. If you can't make out the
fine print because it's too small, unclear or unreadable, be suspicious.
Don't cash the check. 

* "Charitable" causes. Be wary about completing a form that appears
to be from a charity soliciting a donation such as two percent of your long
distance phone bill. Or the charity may offer to enter you in a drawing if
you complete a form and give your phone number and signature. 
	
* Marketing techniques. A telemarketer from another long distance
service may call to ask you to consider switching, promising bargains like
a certain amount of free long distance service. Even though you may
decline, or ask only for information, you may discover that the marketer
has gone ahead and made the switch before getting your go-ahead.

HOW TO AVOID BEING SLAMMED

You can call Bell Atlantic, 954-6260 (area code 410 and 301). Tell
them you don't want your long distance service changed unless you send
them your written authorization. Bell Atlantic will then put a notation on
your account to prevent an unauthorized switch from occurring.
	
Read your telephone bill each month. Check to make sure that the
long distance carrier you selected is still handling your calls.  From your
home telephone, you can call (700) 555-4141 toll-free for a computerized
message that will identify your long distance provider.
	
Before giving out personal information about yourself -- such as
your home telephone number or information about your present carrier --
find out who will see that information and how it will be used. Read the
small print before signing any form. Get the name and telephone number of
any telephone service promoter calling you.
	
Ask any solicitor to send you information in writing and review it
carefully before you switch over to it.
	
If a charity asks questions about your long distance phone service,
be suspicious. Donate only to charities you select by sending a check --
not by filling out entry forms asking for personal information. 

IF YOU DISCOVER YOU'VE BEEN SLAMMED

* Contact your local carrier right away and let them know your long
distance carrier was switched without your authorization. You should not
be billed for the cost to switch you back.
	
* File a complaint with the FCC. Write to: Enforcement Division,
Common Carrier Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, Mail Stop
Code 1600 A2, Washington, DC 20554.
	
* Contact the Consumer Assistance Office of the Maryland Public
Service Commission, 1-800-492-0474 or (410) 767-8112 in Baltimore.

MORE HELP MAY BE ON THE WAY

In a formal rule making procedure, the FCC is considering tightening
the procedures for long distance companies seeking authorization from
consumers to switch their long distance carrier. One proposal requires
that the authorization be separate from any other material, such as
contest forms and rebate checks. 
	
Another proposal concerns the letters of authorization that many
long distance companies ask consumers to sign to indicate their wish to
switch long distance carriers.  The proposal would require these letters to
be written in simple language with clear, readable-size print.

--------------------Video on Telephone Slamming--------------------

Call for Action, Inc. offers a half-hour educational video in Spanish
called "Understanding Telephone Slamming and Other Frauds," free to non-
profit groups. For information, write CFA at 3400 Idaho Ave., N.W., Suite
101, Washington, DC 20016 or call (202) 537-0585.
------------------------------------------------------------------

LIVING ON LESS

Inexpensive ways to entertain kids during hot summer months:

* Juice, Kool-Aid, leftover Jello or other fruity liquids make tasty
do-it-yourself popsicles. Let the kids make their own.
	
* Make bubble solution by combining 9 parts water, 1 part
dishwashing liquid and 1/2 part glycerin (found at most drugstores). Store
the solution weeks or months ahead for the best results.
	
* Buy next summer's bathing suits and clothes at end-of summer
sales.
	
* Recycle rubber sink and bathtub mats to use as "bases" for outdoor
games.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance,
including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local
Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First
Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.





TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES 

Issue #41 
Maryland Attorney General's Office, Consumer Protection Division
________________________________________________________

SORTING OUT MEDICAL BILLS AFTER A TRIP TO THE HOSPITAL

* A consumer visited a hospital emergency room to seek treatment for
severe abdominal pain.  She had expected one bill, but instead was
surprised to receive a bill for $252 from the hospital, one for $137 from
the doctor who performed a sonogram, and another bill for $135 from the
doctor who treated her in the emergency room.
***
	
Sorting out your medical bills after a stay in the hospital can be
confusing.  Don't be frustrated if you receive multiple bills that look like
they are for the same thing. Take a closer look and you'll probably find you
are being billed for different services.
	
Doctors who provide specialized services in a hospital generally bill
independently of the hospital using an arrangement known as separate
billing. Your emergency room doctor, radiologist, anesthesiologist and
pathologist commonly bill separately. You'll also receive a bill from the
hospital for use of drugs, supplies and services of nurses and others.

How it Works

Suppose you suffer a serious illness that requires surgery. Here is an
example of what might happen:
	
You enter the hospital emergency room where the emergency room
doctor examines you. This doctor provides immediate care and determines
what follow-up care and consultations you need.
	
X-rays are taken and a radiologist interprets the results. You are
sent to surgery where an anesthesiologist controls pain and monitors vital
body functions during surgery. During surgery, tissue is taken from your
body and a pathologist examines the sample in the laboratory.
	
When you get home, you will receive a statement from the hospital
listing charges for use of the hospital and services. But the services of
the specialty doctors who treated you (the emergency room doctor,
radiologist, anesthesiologist and pathologist in the example above) are
generally not included in the hospital's daily room rate.
	
Most of these doctors are not paid by the hospital. They make
themselves available to the hospital with the understanding they will bill
the patients they serve. 

Billing Language Varies

Every medical procedure is assigned a number known as a CPT (Code
of Procedural Terminology). The CPT identifying the procedure may appear
on the bill your doctor sends you. The bill also may describe the services
provided, or itemize every procedure separately.
	Maryland hospitals must provide you with a summary statement of
your account within 30 days after you are discharged. If you request an
itemized statement within one year after receiving this summary, the
hospital must provide it. An itemized bill must briefly and clearly
describe each item and the amount charged for it. Having an itemized bill
makes it easier to understand the related bills from specialists.

Finding and Solving Problems

Here are some steps you can take to better understand your bills and
to solve a billing problem:
	
1. Look closely to see exactly which provider sent the bill.
Sometimes provider groups have names that resemble the name of the
hospital in which they practice.
	
2. Remember you may receive bills from doctors with whom you had
only brief contact_or even doctors you never actually met. For example,
most of an anesthesiologist's services are performed during surgery while
you are unconscious, and a pathologist's services are performed in a
laboratory.
	
3. Check your bills for accuracy. Make sure the dates on the bill
match the dates you were hospitalized. Ask the provider's billing office
about any charges that are misdated or not clearly identified on the bill.
	
4. If you feel the hospital's or doctor's bill contains a mistake,
contact the billing office of the provider as soon as possible. Usually the
telephone number appears on the bill. Keep a record of the people you talk
to, what they say and the dates of the calls.
	
5. You may contact our Health Education and Advocacy Unit at (410)
528-1840 with any questions or problems you have regarding medical
bills and insurance claims.
	
When paying a bill by check, make sure to include the account number
shown on the bill to be sure the billing office properly credits your
account. 

--------------------- WANT TO LEARN MORE? --------------------
Free Publication Available

For a more in-depth explanation of separate billing by doctors and
hospitals, order the Consumer Protection Division's free, 6-page brochure
that explains how to sort out medical bills after a hospital stay. To order
a single copy, send a self-addressed, stamped business-size envelope to:
Consumer Protection Division, 200 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.
Ask for I'll Buy That! issue 10 on hospital and specialist bills.
_______________________________________________________

Living on Less

Here are some warm-weather tips to help you spend less this
summer:
* Small balloons filled with water and frozen make colorful, inexpensive
ice packs for the bumps, sprains and stings of summer. Don't allow
children to put them in their mouths, however.

* If heartburn is a problem try drinking a glass of water. The water
washes acid off the esophagus back into the stomach where it belongs,
according to Prevention magazine.

* Store eggs in the carton rather than on the refrigerator door, they'll
keep longer.

* When taking the family on a summer outing, take snacks, drinks or even
lunch along. Kids get a kick out of eating lunch at the park and you don't
have to spend a fortune for fast food or concession stand snacks. Bring
along a wet washcloth in a plastic bag to wipe hands and faces.

__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE
	
Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance,
including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local
Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First
Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.







TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #42
Maryland Attorney General's Office, Consumer Protection Division
____________________________________________________

DON'T GET TAKEN WHEN YOU GIVE

* Two men who said they were raising money for fire safety
programs for children and for a "McGruff the Crime Dog" campaign,
solicited contributions by phone and collected donations. The money,
however, never was used for charitable purposes. Instead, the men
simply pocketed the cash.

According to The Chronicle of Philanthropy, Maryland has a
higher percentage of residents who make tax-deductible charitable
contributions than any other state in the country. That's why it is
crucial that donors know where their money is going.
	
To make the best use of your charitable dollars, always follow
these three rules:
	
1. Check with the Maryland Secretary of State's Office at 1-
800-825-4510 before donating to be sure the charity is registered.
	
2. Never agree to give money over the phone. Ask the caller for
written information about the charity and read it before making your
decision.
	
3. Find out what percentage of your donation goes to the
charity's mission.

Don't Be Rushed

These days, many charities solicit money by telephone.
Telephone solicitations can be legitimate requests for money, but it
is possible the caller does not represent a genuine charity.  
	
Unscrupulous callers want to get your money fast. They often
ask for a credit card number or offer to send a courier to pick up
your check before you can change your mind. 
	
When solicited by phone, always ask the caller to send you
written material about the charity. Even if the charity has an urgent
need for money, the need will still exist after you read what they've
sent.
	
Before you give, make sure you know:
* The full name, address and phone number of the charity.
* If the charity (and paid fund-raiser, if one is used) is registered
with the Maryland Secretary of State.
* How much of your donation goes to the charity and how much goes
to the fund-raiser who contacted you.
* For what purpose your contribution will be used.
* If your contribution is tax deductible.

How is Your Money Used?

Some charities use paid fund-raisers to contact you for a
donation. These fund-raisers may keep a portion of your gift as their
fee. Find out how much of your gift goes to the charity. You might be
better off to send your check directly to the charity and by-pass the
fund-raisers.
	
The Charitable Organizations Division of Maryland's Secretary
of State's Office has a master list of approximately 2,500
registered charities. The office can provide information about:
* The purpose of a charity.
* The amount of money a charity raises.
* The percentage of the money collected that is used for charitable
program services.
* The percentage that is used for administrative costs and
fundraising.

Warning Signs

Some solicitations should send immediate red flags. Be wary
if:
* The organization refuses to send you written material or financial
information.
* The solicitor offers to send a courier to collect your contribution.
* You receive an invoice or bill for a pledge you never made.
* The organization's name and logo closely resemble another charity
with a similar purpose.
	
Bogus charities frequently use names that resemble those of
well-known, legitimate organizations. Fake charities frequently
surface after national emergencies or natural disasters. The only
way to be sure a charity is legitimate is to do some research before
you give.
	
Donors have the right to ask as many questions as necessary to
make an informed decision about whether or not to donate. If the
charity you are considering resists answering your questions, don't
give.

------------------------CALL FIRST---------------------------
	
If you have any questions concerning a charity, call the
Charitable Organizations Division of the Maryland Secretary of
State's office at 1-800-825-4510. Remember, call before you write
the check.

______________________________________________________

Living on Less

Children's birthday parties can be expensive, especially if you
choose a costly theme.  Instead, plan a kids-do-it-themselves party.

* Bake your own cake and let the party guests decorate it with icing
and candy. Or make decorating a special task for the birthday child.

* Instead of expensive party hats, let the kids make crowns or hats
using construction paper or newspaper and bits of yarn, buttons,
markers, anything that adds color. Making the hats saves money and
becomes a party activity.

* Instead of taking kids on expensive outings for their parties, plan
outdoor water fun. Tell them to bring their bathing suits and arm
them with inexpensive water pistols and squirt bottles. Scavenger
hunts are also fun for kids of all ages.

______________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a
law enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering
at the Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office.
Call Ms. Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance,
including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your
local Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or
call First Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in
Baltimore.
______________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
______________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.







TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #43
Maryland Attorney General's Office, Consumer Protection Division
________________________________________________________

BUYING CARPET: AVOIDING WALL-TO-WALL WORRIES

* A Baltimore woman had carpeting installed throughout her house. Within
a year, the carpet began to bubble and she also discovered the carpeting in
her bedroom was installed without any padding, although she had paid for
it. The company refused to correct the problems or refund her money.

Wall-to-wall carpeting may feel good under the feet, but judging
from the number of complaints the Consumer Protection Division receives
each year, buying carpet can be a headache.
	
Carpeting is a long-term investment. Don't be pressured into making
a quick decision.

How Much Carpet?

Before you shop, you should figure out about how much carpet you'll
need. To determine the approximate amount, multiply the room's length (in
feet) by the width and divide by nine. This will give you the number of
square yards, which is how carpet is sold. Add about 10 percent to your
total to account for room irregularities. 

You'll still need to have the area measured by the seller before you
sign a contract.

Choosing the Carpet

The next step is to determine what kind of carpet you want to buy.
Do this before you actually start comparing prices. You should look at
other people's carpet and talk to them about it. Look at how it has worn.
Does it still look good or is it worn down and dirty despite proper
cleaning. You also will want to look at sample pieces.
Most people choose carpet by color. When selecting a color, consider
the amount of foot traffic the carpet will get. Some colors, like white,
show dirt easily and are difficult to keep clean in heavily used areas.
	
In addition to color, you also need to consider density, height of pile,
twist and heat setting.
	
* Density: Generally speaking, experts agree that the denser the
carpet the better. To determine how dense a carpet is, bend the sample
piece and see how much backing is exposed. Density refers to how closely
the yarn tufts are woven into the carpet's backing. The denser the carpet,
the closer the yarn tufts and the less backing you'll see.
	
* Height: Yarn woven together on backing is referred to as the pile.
As a rule, short to medium pile will hold up better under traffic than high-
pile carpet of the same density. 
	
* Twist: Individual yarns are twisted together to make them
stronger. A tighter twist provides more durable carpet. The yarn should
have neat, tight and well defined cut ends. Sometimes the yarn is looped
instead of cut at the top. Dense, looped carpets are also good high-traffic
choices.
	
* Heat setting: This process locks in the twist so it can hold up
under use and cleaning. Read the label to be sure the carpet you select has
been heat set.

Padding

Padding is the shock absorber for your carpet. The type you need
depends on the kind of carpet you buy. It is important not to skimp on
padding quality because it helps curtail wear and tear on the carpet. Good
padding can make a carpet last longer. Find out what type of padding is
recommended for the carpet you've chosen and be sure to try it out before
you buy. Place a piece of padding under a sample of the carpet you've
chosen and walk on it.

Comparing Prices

After you decide on the kind of carpet you want, you must decide
where to buy it. A good starting point is to look for satisfied customers. If
you have a friend or relative who recently bought carpet and was happy
with the results, consider buying from the same dealer.
	
Comparing carpet prices is difficult because the same carpet is
often sold by different retailers under different names.
	
If you find a particular carpet you like, you may be able to compare
prices at various stores by matching the style number. Although
manufacturers put different names on the carpet for different retailers,
the style number would be the same from store to store.
	
However, many large carpet chains carry their own line of carpets
that aren't sold elsewhere, so you can't compare. In that case, you'll have
to find a piece of carpet you like in a style you've chosen and get a price,
then go through the selection process again at the next store.
Keep in mind that some stores include installation and padding in their
price per square yard and some don't. Get a written estimate that includes
installation and padding and compare the total cost, not the cost per
square yard.

Installation

Proper installation is important to ensure that your carpet looks its
best. In fact, many carpet complaints deal with installation. Before you
sign a contract to buy carpet, find out how the store will make sure that
the installation is done properly.  Some stores use their own installers
and others hire installers on a piece work basis.
	
Try to find a carpet seller who uses the same installers
consistently. If possible, ask for the names of some people who purchased
carpet about a year ago and call them for a reference. (Don't rely on
consumers who purchased more recently. It may take a year to tell if the
carpet is staying in place and holding up under wear.)
	
Find out how the store handles installation problems. If you're not
happy, will the store fix the problem? How will they fix it and what types
of problems will they fix?
	
Be sure to check with the Consumer Protection Division at (410)
528-8662 to see if consumers have filed complaints about the business
before you decide to buy.

Seaming

Once you have selected carpet and decided who to buy it from, you
need to have the area measured. Don't sign a contract until this is done and
the exact amount of carpet you will be buying is determined.
Request a diagram showing where the carpet will be seamed. If you are
concerned about a seam, discuss it with the sales person or ask to speak
to the installer. You may choose to purchase a bit more carpet so you can
eliminate or move a seam to a less conspicuous spot.

Contract
	
You are now ready to enter into a written contract with the carpet
seller. Be sure it includes:
* The amount of carpet you are buying,
* The manufacturers name, carpet color and style number,
* The type and amount of padding,
* The number of yards of carpeting and cost per yard,
* The type of padding including weight and thickness,
* The cost of installation,
* An attached diagram showing where the carpet will be seamed,
* Any extra charges for removing old carpet, moving furniture or shaving
doors,
* The total cost of the job.
	
Make the smallest deposit possible and consider making it with your
credit card. If the carpet is not delivered or you encounter any other
problems getting your carpet installed, you have more recourse if you paid
by credit card. 

_________________________________________________________

Living On Less

* Do you ever save leftovers with the best of intentions, only to uncover
them weeks later_no longer edible? Instead of shoving leftovers into the
refrigerator, put them right into the freezer, where they'll keep longer.
Freezing also works well for leftover shredded cheese if you've only used
part of a package.

* Household bleach is an inexpensive way to clean your kitchen sink and
garbage disposal. Bleach kills many kinds of bacteria found in sinks and
costs less than the new anitbacterial cleaners.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.








TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #44
Maryland Attorney General's Office, Consumer Protection Division
_______________________________________________________

CREDIT CARD OFFERS: WHAT'S BEHIND THE HYPE

"Wouldn't it be great to walk into any ABC Video or ABC Music store and
pick out any movie, video game or CD you wanted...absolutely free? Well
now you can. Just accept the no annual fee ABC Visa card..."

"Now is a great time to get your XYZ credit card, free of annual fees, and
take advantage of a low variable Annual Percentage Rate..."

"You are already approved for this outstanding offer because an individual
with your exceptional financial credentials deserves the best! The best
card gives you two ways to save...And a pre-approved credit line of up to
$10,000..."


Week after week, the offers fill your mailbox: Pre-approved credit cards
with promises of low interest rates, big credit lines and user bonuses.
How can you find out what's really being offered?

The details of the credit card contract are usually in small print on the
back of the letter offering you the new card. Read it before you sign on the
dotted line, and make sure you fully understand the terms of the credit
card being offered. You might be surprised at what you find.

Below are some come-ons and terms frequently used in credit card
promotions_along with some of the strings that are often attached.

No annual fee: Many cards now are available without an annual fee. But
make sure the one you decide to take never has an annual fee. Some cards
are free only for the first year. After that, you may be automatically
billed for an annual fee. If the card you want has an annual fee or adds one
after you've accepted it, ask the company to waive it. Some card
companies will eliminate this charge to keep from losing you. Otherwise,
shop around for a free card. There are plenty.

Low APR: Many companies offer a low Annual Percentage Rate that makes
the card attractive to people who carry a balance. However, most of the
really low rates don't last long. They are introductory rates that last
anywhere from 30 days to a year.

If you want to use a new, low-interest rate card to consolidate and pay
off your higher interest rate debt, find the card with the longest time
period for the low-interest offer. This will allow you enough time to pay
off your balance.

Credit card companies should disclose how long the low-interest offer
will last and what the interest rate will be once the low rate ends. Most
of the higher rates are quite high_typically 9.9 percent above prime, or
close to 19 percent.

Pre-Approved: Don't count on it. Credit card companies get your name
from credit agencies. They pay the agency for a list of consumers that
meet certain criteria. However, if your credit status has changed recently,
you may not qualify for the card you've been offered. Once you call to
accept the offer or send in the form, the credit card company will seek
your full credit report and determine if you qualify.

One recent bank credit card offer touted its Gold Card in a letter, but the
fine print of the offer told another story. Consumers who sign the form
might get a Gold Card, but if they don't qualify they might get a Standard
Card or a Secured Card instead. Those two cards offer fewer advantages
and higher interest rates. And even the Gold Card had two different
interest rates once the introductory rate expired: 17.9 percent for people
who had accounts with the bank and 18.9 percent for everyone else.

User bonuses: A relatively new gimmick, user bonuses give the card
holder frequent flier miles, credit toward purchases or phone calls, or
even cash back for using the card. Here's how one card works: For every
purchase you make, you get a 1 percent rebate in the form of coupons to be
used at the chain's video stores or other participating stores. Cards that
offer other services and bonuses work the same way.

Sometimes bonus cards carry annual fees. Always compare the cost of the
annual fee with the benefit of the bonus you'll be getting.

Also, some bonus cards do not offer the lowest interest rate. At a 1
percent rebate rate, you might be better off foregoing the rebate in favor
of a lower interest rate card if you carry a balance.

Grace period: Make sure the card has a grace period so you won't owe any
interest if you pay your full balance off each month.

Credit line: The amount of credit offered may not be available to you. If
you look closely, you'll probably see the words "up to" before the number.
Depending on your credit history, you might receive your card with a lower
credit limit than you were expecting.

Transfer fee: Some cards charge a fee to transfer the balances from
other credit cards to your new card. That could eat into anything you might
save by having a lower interest rate. This should be explained on the back
of the offer.

Cash advance fee: Many cards charge a fee for cash advances, but the
fee varies from card to card. If you're likely to use this feature, be sure to
compare the cost of a cash advance.

Credit rating protection: Some credit card offers also include
insurance that would pay the minimum monthly payment on your card in
the event that you become involuntarily unemployed. Read the terms of the
protection carefully before you sign up. It's often expensive and very
limited in the type of unemployment situations that qualify for coverage
and the length of time payments would be made.

Your own needs should be your biggest consideration. If you carry a
balance, a low interest rate should be your primary consideration. If you
pay off your balance each month, you might consider a card with no annual
fee or user bonuses. In any case, you can only decide if a credit card offer
is worth considering by reading all of the terms_including the fine print.
__________________________________________________________

Living On Less

* Leftovers can make a simple, inexpensive soup. Just toss leftover meat
and vegetables into a container in your freezer. When you're ready to make
a quick soup, add the leftovers to canned broth and simmer.

* Small cooking appliances are often more efficient than an oven. Consider
preparing food in your toaster oven, crockpot, pressure cooker or
microwave.
__________________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call Ms.
Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.
__________________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
__________________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call (410) 576-6500.







TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue#45
Maryland Attorney General's Office, Consumer Protection Division
____________________________________________________

PLAYING IT SAFE: GUARDING AGAINST TOY-RELATED INJURIES

* A California company recalled two children's books because the
plastic binder bolts could separate and, if swallowed, cause a young
child to choke.

* A California bicycle company recalled thousands of brakes and
handlebars that had been installed on mountain bikes because of
reports the parts failed, injuring riders.

* A Georgia toy importer agreed to pay a $45,000 fine to settle
allegations it imported toys that did not meet safety standards. The
toys for young children contained small parts that presented choking
and aspiration hazards.

These are a just few of the toy-related dangers recently uncovered
by the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
Over the years, CPSC standards have greatly improved toy safety. 

Today, toy manufacturers must comply with federal toymaking
regulations on such things as:
* small parts that could lodge in the throat
* sharp points and edges
* paint and toxic materials

Toy manufacturers are responsible for assuring their toys meet
CPSC regulations; however, the CPSC does not approve specific toys
for sale to consumers. When the CPSC identifies dangerous toys, it
issues a recall notice to remove them from the marketplace.
Manufacturers may also be subject to fines for selling toys that
violate CPSC regulations.

The CPSC often learns about dangerous toys from consumers who
report injuries or deaths, and by conducting on-site inspections of
manufacturers and importers to check for compliance with
regulations. But even after a dangerous toy has been recalled by the
CPSC, consumers who previously purchased the toy are not
individually notified about the recall.

The majority of toys on the market are safe if bought for the
appropriate age child and used as intended. However, despite
governmental and industry efforts, the next toy you buy at a toy
store or a garage sale could pose a danger to your child, as could a
toy that is in your child's toy box. Of course, you cannot encase your
child in a bubble. But you can and should take every precaution to
minimize the risks your infant, small child and even preteen may
encounter.

Put simply, you must learn how to identify dangerous toys and then
select toys carefully. In addition to avoiding dangerous toys, it is
also important to supervise your child's activities in your own home
and outside your home _ where your child trades and plays with toys
you didn't select. Some general guidelines are described below, along
with resources for more detailed information.

BABY TOYS

Choking continues to be the cause of the largest number of toy-
related deaths, according to the CPSC. An infant's mouth and throat
are extremely flexible and can stretch to hold larger shapes than
you'd expect. Always make sure an infant's toys are bigger than your
child's fist. Keep in mind that to a young child, everything is a toy.

TOY CHESTS

Children can become trapped in toy chests. Any toy chest should be
designed and intended for holding toys. Most new toy chests are. If
you are buying one, whether new or used, get the type with a spring-
loaded lid support that will keep the lid open in any position and will
not require adjustment. Or select one with sliding panels, a
lightweight, removable lid, or no lid at all. The chest should have
holes or spaces in front, sides or under the lid to provide ventilation.

TOYS ON WHEELS

Bicycles are a major source of childhood injury. Of the 604,000
bicycle-related injuries treated in emergency rooms in 1993, two-
thirds involved children.
Any child old enough to pedal a bike or ride with you in a bike child
seat needs a helmet. Maryland law now requires anyone younger than
16 to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.

Be sure the two-wheelers you buy properly fit your child or they'll
find them difficult to control. The CPSC recommends that children
younger than 6 ride a bike only under adult supervision. Children
younger than 9 lack the skills to avoid dangerous traffic situations
and should stay away from streets.

Skateboards and in-line skates can also be hazardous, especially if
children don't wear helmets and other protective equipment. Be sure
to supply safety equipment with the bike, skateboard or skates and
insist they be worn.

AGE GRADING TOYS

Toy manufacturers follow the age-grading guidelines of the CPSC,
which consist of four main criteria:
* The physical ability of a child to handle and play with a toy;
* The mental ability of the child to understand how to use a toy;
* The play needs and interests of youngsters at various stages of
their development; and
* The safety aspects of a toy.

When a manufacturer recommends that a toy not be given to a child
under a certain age, follow that advice no matter how "advanced"
your child may be. The age recommendation on the package of a toy is
a minimum one. When a label says a toy is "not recommended for
children under 8 years of age," that does not mean that every 8-
year-old is mature enough to use it safely.

GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING SAFE TOYS

Even the most cautious parent sometimes buys a poorly designed toy
or children' s accessory, or selects something inappropriate. Child
safety advocates have developed some guidelines for safe toy buying.
You can minimize dangers by following these rules:

* Read the label and follow the manufacturer's age
recommendations.

* Avoid over-complicated toys. Be certain you _ and when necessary,
your child _ understand the directions or instruction on a toy.

* Avoid toys with sharp edges, small parts or strings.

* Check on what material is inside stuffed toys. Beans, chopped
walnut shells or little plastic pellets can cause accidents if the toy
is torn open and they fall out.

* Inspect older toys for wear and tear.

* Every toy isn't for every tot. Teach your older children to keep
their toys out of the reach of younger children.

WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT TOY SAFETY?

For a more in-depth explanation of how to choose safe toys,
including toll-free phone numbers for many toy manufacturers, order
the Consumer Protection Division's free, 6-page brochure "Playing it
Safe." To order a single copy, send a self-addressed, stamped
business-size envelope to: Consumer Protection Division, 200 St.
Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202. Ask for I'll Buy That! Issue 11 on
toy safety.

_____________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

If you know somebody who is expecting a baby, throw a Safe Baby
Shower. Have everybody bring a safety gift. Gifts can be inexpensive
items such as cabinet locks, night lights, outlet covers or smoke
detectors. And as part of the gift, someone can volunteer to stop by
and help install all of the items.


______________________________________________________

BECOME A CONSUMER ADVOCATE

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at
the Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office. Call
Ms. Brooke at (410) 576-6550 for information.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance,
including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your
local Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or
call First Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in
Baltimore.
______________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
______________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call 410-576-6500.  Reprints are encouraged
with acknowledgement of source.






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #46
Maryland Attorney General's Office, Consumer Protection Division
_____________________________________________________

REVISED LAW BRINGS MORE PROTECTION FOR NEW HOME BUYERS

* A Calvert County couple contracted with a builder for a $150,000
custom home. The builder completed the foundation and framing and
received a payment from the bank that was handling the couple's
construction loan. But the builder did not pay the subcontractors who
did the work and the framing was condemned by county code
inspectors. The consumers had to pay $8,000 to various unpaid
subcontractors, another $15,000 to get the framing up to code and an
additional $30,000 beyond the contract price to finish the house.

* A Howard County consumer paid a builder $68,000 in deposits to
build a custom home. The builder was supposed to put the money into
an escrow account. He later told the consumer he was broke, had not
put the money in an escrow account and could not refund it.

* A Wicomico County consumer contracted for a $119,000 custom
home. The builder received most of his progress payments from the
bank, but walked off the job before completing the work. The
consumer had to spend another $10,000 beyond the contract price to
pay off subcontractors and finish the house.


In all of the cases above, and in many others like them, home buyers
lost thousands of dollars while the builders got away with -- at
most -- a slap on the wrist. But as of October 1, 1995, the laws
protecting home buyers' deposits provide buyers with more
protection and carry stiffer penalties for builders who violate them.

* Builders of new homes must give buyers a disclosure form that
explains the builder's obligation to put buyers' deposits in an escrow
account.

* Custom home builders now must provide buyers with periodic lists
of the subcontractors who have performed more than $500 of work
on their home, and show whether or not those people have been paid.

* Builders who violate the law by not putting buyers' money in an
escrow account or by misappropriating money that is intended for
paying contractors now face a fine of up to $10,000 and 15 years in
prison.

NEW VS. CUSTOM HOMES

If you're in the market for a house that has not previously been
owned, you can:

1. Buy a NEW HOME. This means you sign a contract with a builder to
buy a house and the land it will sit on. You usually pay a deposit and
then take ownership of both the land and the house at settlement.

2. Buy a CUSTOM HOME. This means you already own the land, and then
you contract with a builder to put a house on the land. You take out a
construction loan instead of a mortgage. The builder receives
progress payments from the bank as the work is done on the house.
He is supposed to use the progress payments to pay off contractors
who have completed work on the house. 

WHAT CAN THE BUYER DO? 

If you are building a new or a custom home, there are some things
you can do to help protect your investment:

1. Check the builder's references. Talk to other people for whom he
has built homes and look at their homes. Also check with local
building inspectors who are familiar with your builder's work, with
the Homebuilders Association to see if he is a member in good
standing, and with the Consumer Protection Division to see if
complaints have been filed against the builder.

2. Have a real estate attorney review your contract before you sign
it. If you are buying a new home, your attorney should also represent
you at settlement. 

3. Verify that your deposits are being put in an escrow account.
Under the new law, new home builders must provide you with a
disclosure form that tells you where your builder's escrow account
is, or whether your builder has a corporate surety bond or letter of
credit on file with the State. An escrow account protects your
money because it is not considered part of a builder's assets, so it
cannot be attached by creditors. In addition, the money can only
legally be withdrawn and used for certain purposes, such as to pay
subcontractors on a custom home or when the buyer takes
possession of the house.

Some additional advice for custom home buyers:

4. Custom home builders are now required to give buyers a report
within 30 days after each progress payment that lists
subcontractors who have provided more than $500 of goods or
services and indicates whether they have been paid by the builder.
The buyer should make sure they get the reports on time, and talk to
the subcontractors to verify the reports. If subcontractors verify
payment, send each subcontractor a letter confirming that they told
you they have been paid. Keep copies for your records. If the work is
not being performed or subcontractors are not being paid as required
in the contract, you should contact your bank about withholding the
next progress payment until the builder resolves the problem.

5. Try to negotiate a contract with the builder that will require your
signature before he can receive a progress payment from the bank.
This way, you can verify that the work has been done before he
receives the money.

6. You can hire your own inspectors to be surethe work conforms to
your contract.

IF YOU HAVE A PROBLEM

If the builder you have chosen does not comply with the law, contact
the State's Attorney Office in the county in which the house was to
be built, the Consumer Protection Division, and your private
attorney.

_____________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS
Holidays can be tough on the wallet. Here are three money-saving
ideas:

* Send postcards instead of traditional greeting cards.

* Instead of gift wrap, buy a large roll of white butcher paper and a
bolt of red plaid ribbon at a craft store.

* Buy a plain wreath and decorate it yourself.

Many people use wood stoves and fireplaces to keep warm in the
winter. When buying wood, be sure to buy only wood that is measured
by the cord. Other measurement terms such as a truckload or pile are
not precise legal measurements. When you accept bulk delivery of
firewood, you should receive a delivery ticket with the vendor's
name, address, signature of the person who determined the quantity
of the wood delivered and the license number of the vehicle that
transported the wood. For more information, contact the Maryland
Department of Agriculture's Weights and Measures Section at (410)
841-5790.

FINDING HELP

For information or help finding any kind of public assistance,
including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your
local Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or
call First Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in
Baltimore.
______________________________________________________

1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
______________________________________________________

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 
(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

BRANCH OFFICES
* Cumberland (301)722-2000
(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick (301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown (301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury (410)543-6620 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

Tips for Tough Times is available in alternative format for visually
impaired consumers. Call 410-576-6500.  Reprints are encouraged
with acknowledgement of source.








TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES
Issue #47
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

DISCONNECTING TELEMARKETING SCAMS

* A Laurel man received a call from a telemarketer who offered him gifts
and then asked him to renew a magazine subscription. The man agreed and
gave the caller his checking account routing number. When the caller told
him the renewal would cost $300, the consumer told the telemarketer not
to withdraw the money from his account. Nevertheless, his next bank
statement showed a withdrawal of $300. The man contacted the Consumer
Protection Division and the company agreed to refund the money.

* A Silver Spring woman received a call from a telemarketing company
that offered her an opportunity to save money on food, jewelry, vision
care, and other items. They also told her they would send her large checks,
totaling as much as $25,000. But the telemarketers repeatedly asked her
to send them money before she received her prizes. In the end, she spent
her life savings_more than $21,000_and received only a few hundred
dollars worth of merchandise she neither needed or wanted. After she
contacted the Consumer Protection Division, the company agreed to refund
$7,500. 


Telemarketing fraud robs consumers of approximately $40 billion every
year. This year, the Federal Trade Commission passed a new regulation
aimed at stopping telemarketing scams. 

The new regulation:

* Prohibits telemarketers from calling before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m., and
from calling consumers who have told that telemarketer they don't want
to be called.

* Requires that telemarketers promptly disclose their identity, the
purpose of the call, the nature of the goods or services being sold, the
odds of winning prizes if any are offered, the fact that no purchase is
necessary to participate, and the method by which a consumer can enter
without making a purchase.

* Requires that telemarketers disclose refund and cancellation policies
and tell consumers if refunds and exchanges are not allowed.
Unless you are totally familiar with the service being sold and you have
previously done business with the company, be wary of paying in advance
for services you will receive at a later date. The new regulation
specifically bars telemarketers who sell credit repair, advance fee loan or
recovery services from collecting a fee until seven days after the service
has been performed.

Tougher regulations help, but you must continually exercise caution to
avoid telemarketing scams. Fraudulent telemarketers pay no attention to
laws, and until they are caught by the authorities, they continue to
defraud people.

But there are ways you can protect yourself:

* Never give your credit card number over the phone unless you initiated
the call.

* Never give your checking account number or any of the other numbers on
your checks over the phone.

* Never give a telemarketer personal information about yourself, including
medical information or driver's license, social security or telephone
calling card number.

* Never pay for a prize. That includes paying postage, shipping and
handling or any costs associated with something a caller says you have
"won."

* Never allow a caller to pressure you into acting immediately on any
offer. If  the telemarketer insists that you act the same day, be
suspicious.

* Never agree to any offer until you have seen it in writing. Ask the caller
to send you information in the mail. If he will not, be suspicious.
Dishonest telemarketers constantly come up with new ways to woo
consumers into giving them money. One relatively new form of fraud is
known as "recovery room scams." In these scams, telemarketers call
consumers they know have been victims of fraud and offer to help get
their money back_for a fee. Here is a recent example:

*******

* The Federal Trade Commission recently filed charges against 
telemarketers who falsely identified themselves as affiliates of a
government consumer protection agency, called elderly people who had
been victims of telemarketing scams and offered to help them get their
money back. Consumers were told that for 5 or 10 percent of what they
lost, the caller would recovery their lost money.  Consumers paid $200 to
$1,000 relying upon the caller's representation that he was affiliated
with the government, but they never recovered any money_they only lost
more.

Remember, if you get a call from a stranger offering you a terrific deal,
don't agree to pay any money until you have had time to check out the
caller. You can contact our office for information. If the caller says you
must  act right away, it is probably a telemarketing scam. People making
legitimate offers are always willing to give you time to think and gather
information.  

__________________________________________________________

LIVING ON LESS

Need help planning menus and managing your family's food budget? The
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program of Maryland's Cooperative
Extension Service teaches consumers how to manage food resources,
select nutritious foods and prepare food safely. For more information, call
your local Cooperative Extension Service office. Phone numbers are under
county or city government listings in the blue pages of the telephone
directory.


CHILD SAFETY ALERT

The US Consumer Product Safety Commission recently developed
guidelines for drawstrings in children's clothing. Since 1985, 17 children
have died as a result of drawstrings on their clothing becoming entangled
on such things as playground equipment and bus doors.
To obtain a copy of the guidelines, send a postcard with your name and
address to: Drawstring Guidelines, CPSC, Washington, DC 20207.

FINDING HELP

For information or help nding any kind of public assistance, including
food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department
of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help
at 1-800-492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

VOLUNTEERS NEEDED

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law
enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the
Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office as a:
* Consumer Affairs Specialist
* Health Advocacy Specialist
* Legislative Aide/Consumer Advocate

Call Ann Brooke at 410-576-6550 for information.


1995. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics
_______________________________________________________
HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662
	(9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840
	(9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

Branch Offices
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. 
	of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 
	4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)






TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #48
Consumer Protection Division,  Maryland Attorney General's Office
_________________________________________________________

READ THE FINE PRINT BEFORE YOU LEASE AN AUTOMOBILE

* When an Eastern Shore consumer returned his Chevrolet at the end of his 5-year lease, he believed the car was in good condition. He was surprised to receive a bill for $3,251 for reconditioning.

* A Baltimore woman entered into a 5-year lease agreement for a Geo. Two years later, her husband was assigned to overseas military duty. The leasing company wouldn't allow her to ship the car overseas, and assessed her $1,740 for early termination of her contract.

* When an Annapolis consumer leased a car, she experienced numerous repair problems with the transmission, engine and wiring. Each time the car needed repairs, she was responsible for a $50 deductible under her contract.

* A Baltimore couple prepared to sign what they thought was a car sales contract when they learned it was a lease agreement. The salesman told them the transaction was just like a sale.
After looking at the sticker price of a new or used car, you may be tempted to lease instead of buy. But be sure you fully understand the lease before you sign the contract.

Maryland's new leasing law, which took effect January 1, offers consumers who lease vehicles many of the same protections received by consumers who buy vehicles through traditional financing methods. However, there remain significant differences between leasing and buying a car.

When you lease, you rent the car for a period of time. You will pay a monthly fee that covers the cost of using the car, depreciation on the car and other costs. At the end of the contract, you give the car back. You do not own it. If you then decide to purchase the car, you will have to pay a substantial amount of money at that time, in addition to the money you already paid to use the car during the lease period. That means you probably would have to take out a loan to purchase the car.

According to one automobile manufacturer, if you change vehicles every few years and you are comfortable with always having a car payment, leasing might be the right choice for you. But, the manufacturer added,  if you want to own your vehicle and plan to keep driving it after it's paid for, you're better off buying it.

Based on the experiences of many Marylanders who have written to us, lease agreements may contain costs that are not apparent from the ads. Do not make a decision to lease based solely on the amount of your monthly payment. Before you sign your contract, make sure you clearly understand how much you will pay in each of the following categories:

1. Up-front costs
2. Monthly costs
3. Maintenance and Repair costs
4. Penalties
5. End-of-lease costs

The Consumer Protection Division can send you a copy of the Reality Checklist, a list of questions that will help you understand the total cost of leasing a vehicle and determine whether you are better off leasing or buying.
Lease agreements are much different from sales agreements, so be sure you take time to understand the contract before you sign it. Once you sign the contract, it is virtually impossible to change your mind without having to pay heavy penalties.

Up-front Costs

Advertisements often claim that if you lease, you won't have to make a down payment. While there is no charge called a "down payment," you may have to pay other up-front costs such as the first and last month's payment; a security deposit (usually one month's payment); insurance; acquisition fee, sales tax; and license, registration and title fees. Ask for a breakdown of all of the up-front costs you will be paying. Also, some dealers or leasing companies charge a "capitalized cost reduction," which is essentially a down-payment.

Monthly Costs

Your monthly payment is based on the capitalized cost of the vehicle. Capitalized cost, often called "cap cost" is negotiable, like the sticker price of a car you buy. You can negotiate a lower monthly payment by bargaining for a lower cap cost.

You can more easily negotiate your cap cost if you know what the leasing company paid for the car. The Reality Checklist includes a place for the dealer or leasing company to indicate both the sticker price and the price they paid for the car.

The money factor, or lease charge, which is similar to an interest rate, also affects your monthly payment. You can also negotiate the money factor, if you can get the leasing company to disclose it. Many leasing companies and car 
dealers will not disclose this figure to the consumer, but you should still ask for it.

Maintenance and Repair Costs

In addition to monthly payments, you are usually responsible for routine maintenance and mechanical and body repairs. For an extra monthly fee, some leasing companies cover all or some repairs, but you may be charged a deductible each time. Ask about the deductible and what, if any, manufacturer's warranty applies. 

Penalties

Also ask when you might be charged a penalty. Some examples of when that might occur include moving out of the city, state or country where you leased the car, or terminating the lease early.

If you want to get out of your lease agreement early, expect to pay a stiff early termination fee, sometimes several thousand dollars. The earlier you break the lease, the greater the penalty. 

If the car is stolen or destroyed in an accident, the dealer may consider this an early termination. Your insurance may cover the current value of the car, but that amount could be less than what you owe under the lease.

If you default on your lease contract, the leasing company must comply with the same procedures as for repossessing a sold vehicle. As with traditional financing, a consumer who leases has the right to cure any default. However, a consumer who defaults would still be liable for substantial default penalties. 

End-of-Lease Costs

Leases typically limit the number of miles you may drive per year. Exceed that limit, and you could be charged anything from 7 cents to 25 cents or more per additional mile, depending on your agreement.

You'll probably be charged for excessive wear and tear _ the definition of which is not always spelled out clearly in every leasing agreement. You may also be assessed a vehicle "disposition charge" to prepare your car for sale.

Make sure you know whether or not you'll be entitled to buy the car when your lease expires. In Maryland, many leasing companies don't give you that option. If you're entitled to buy, find out how the purchase price _ which may be thousands of dollars _ will be determined and what that price is.

Before you sign the lease, make sure each of these items is explained in detail within the contract so there are no surprises at the end of your lease.

Read Before You Sign

Finally, be sure all of the terms you have negotiated are included in your written lease agreement before you sign it. For example, be sure you have been given proper credit for your trade-in, if you have one. As with most contracts, once you have signed, it is too late to change your mind.

----------------------------------------------------------------

Free Publication

If you are thinking about leasing an automobile, be sure to order a copy of the Reality Checklist. The checklist is a disclosure form that identifies various charges within your lease agreement. If you are considering leasing a vehicle, ask the dealer or leasing company to complete the checklist. If they won't, lease your vehicle from someone else.

To order a copy of the Reality Checklist, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope to: Reality Checklist, Consumer Protection Division, 16th floor, 200 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.

------------------------------------------------------------------

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Attorney General's Consumer Protection Offices

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 (9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

Branch Offices

* Cumberland
(301)722-2000 (9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)

* Frederick
(301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and  4th Thurs. of each month)

* Hagerstown
(301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* Salisbury
(410)543-6620
(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

1996. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics







TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES

Issue #49
Consumer Protection Division,  Maryland Attorney General's Office
_______________________________________________________

NURSING HOMES: PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE

Chances are at some point in your life, you or someone you love will be in a nursing home. Often, decisions involving nursing homes are made at times of crisis. But by planning ahead, you may be able to avoid a crisis later on.

Some of the most commonly asked questions about nursing homes involve how to pay for nursing home care. The answers are complicated, but a comprehensive guide to paying for nursing home care is available. "Nursing Homes: What You Need to Know," is a revised edition of our popular publication that provides detailed information on how to choose and pay for nursing home care. Ordering instructions appear later in this publication.

Here are some basic guidelines to help you plan for the future:

1. Consider Your Future Realistically.
When you plan your retirement, you probably look forward to spending more time with family and friends, taking it easy, or perhaps traveling. Nobody wants to think about illness or institutions. But it's a fact: One in every five Marylanders over age 60 will spend time in a nursing home. The average length of stay in a nursing home is almost three years. 

2. Prevent a Crisis.
Most people are forced to learn about nursing homes when they become ill. Time is short, money is needed quickly, and family members are upset. To prevent a crisis, find out ahead of time how nursing homes work. Learn about the laws that protect nursing home residents and their families. With this information, you can make better decisions when the time comes. 

3. Talk to Your Family.
If you become seriously ill or have an accident or stroke, who will take care of you? You may be surprised to learn how much care _ or how little _ your family would be able to provide for you at home. Let them know your feelings, and what your wishes are.

4. Take a Hard Look at Your Finances.
Nursing homes are expensive, but insurance seldom covers the cost. How will you manage to pay the bills? You may want to consult an attorney or accountant who specializes in Medical Assistance eligibility and nursing home law. An expert can help you plan for the future.

5. Learn What's Available.
Every Maryland county has resource people who can help you select a nursing facility or obtain nursing care in your own home. If you need their guidance, contact any (or all) of the people and agencies listed in "Nursing Homes: What You Need to Know."

Before You Sign A Nursing Home Contract, You Should:

1. Obtain a copy of the contract and review it ahead of time in the privacy of your own home. If the facility will not give you a copy, ask why not. If you still want to consider entering that facility, you can obtain a copy of its contract from the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Office of Licensing and Certification Programs at (410) 764-2770 in Baltimore.

2. You may also want to get a copy of the State's model nursing home admission contract, written in plain English, to see how it compares.   Call the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, (410) 764-2770.

3. See a lawyer or get advice from any of the agencies listed in "Nursing Homes: What You Need to Know."

4. Ask the nursing facility about any part of the contract you find confusing or unfair. If you make changes in the contract, be sure that both you and the institution sign your initials in the margin next to the change. (If the nursing home is uncooperative, you may want to take an advocate with you to negotiate the changes.)

5. Make sure there are no blank spaces and that the contract is fully completed and correct at the time you sign it. You should get an exact copy (or photocopy) of the original contract after it has been filled in and signed by both you and the nursing home.

________________________________________________________

What You Need to Know About Nursing Homes
Revised Booklet Available

The revised edition of  "Nursing Homes: What You Need to Know," contains information about how to pay for a nursing home, how to choose a nursing home, where to get additional help, and much more. The book is a cooperative effort of the Consumer Protection Division, the Maryland State Bar Association, the University of Maryland School of Law's Law and Health Care Program, the Maryland Office on Aging and Legal Aid Bureau, Inc. To order a free copy of the book, send a self-addressed, 9  x 12 envelope with $1.70 postage affixed to: Nursing Home Book, Consumer Protection Division, 16th Floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202.
_________________________________________________________

Volunteers Needed

Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office as a:
* Consumer Affairs Specialist
* Health Advocacy Specialist
* Legislative Aide/Consumer Advocate
Call Ann Brooke at 410-576-6550 for information.

__________________________________________________________

Help With Medical Billing Problems

Going to the doctor isn't as simple as it used to be, especially when it's time to pay the bill. Today's medical bills can be confusing. If you are having a problem with a medical bill or medical equipment, the Consumer Protection Division's Health Education and Advocacy Unit may be able to help you work it out.
Our health advocacy specialists mediate consumers' disputes with hospitals, healthcare providers, insurance companies, HMOs and medical equipment suppliers, and are often successful in bringing about a positive resolution for the consumer. Common complaints include: medical billing errors, difficulty obtaining medical records, defective medical equipment and insurance claim delays.
If you have a medical billing problem you have not been able to resolve, send a letter explaining the problem and copies of documents and bills relating to the issue to: Health Education and Advocacy Unit, 16th Floor, 200 Saint Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202. Or call the hotline at (410)
528-1840.

------------------------------------------------------------------

HOW YOU CAN REACH US

Attorney General's Consumer Protection Offices

Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 (9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372

Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

Branch Offices

* Cumberland
(301)722-2000 (9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)

* Frederick
(301)694-1071
(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and  4th Thurs. of each month)

* Hagerstown
(301)791-4780 (8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

* Salisbury
(410)543-6620
(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)

1996. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor
Andrea Cooper, Graphics




TIPS FOR TOUGH TIMES
Issue #50			Consumer Protection Division
				Maryland Attorney General's Office

4 TIPS TO HELP YOU STAY SAFE IN THE MARKETPLACE

Scam artists are constantly coming up with new ways to take the money of unsuspecting victims. As computers and credit and debit cards become more widely used, the villains become more ingenious. As a consumer, you have to be more vigilant than ever about protecting yourself in the marketplace. Here are four tips to help: 

1. PROTECT YOUR PRIVACY

The telephone has long been a favorite tool of scam artists. Unscrupulous telemarketers try to get money in a variety of ways, and you should always be wary of giving out any kind of personal information over the phone to someone you don't know, especially if you did not initiate the call.

Now, as more and more Americans go on-line, using their computers and modems to order goods and services and communicate with businesses and individuals via the Internet, many old scams are being revived in this new format.

Whether you are dealing with a telemarketer or someone who has contacted you by electronic mail, you need to keep private information out of the hands of people who might use it to commit fraud. Here are some examples of information you should never give to strangers:

YOUR CREDIT CARD NUMBER. Unless you initiate the transaction with a company you know is reputable, do not give this number out over the phone. If you are placing an order on-line, be careful also. It is not clear whether anyone else can access this information. Several credit card companies are working together to develop encoding systems that will protect your credit card number in transactions over the Internet, but at this time, information you put on the Internet is not secure.

YOUR CHECKING ACCOUNT NUMBER and the routing numbers printed at the bottom of your checks. These numbers can be used to withdraw money from your account without your authorization.
Other information you should not divulge includes: Your TELEPHONE CALLING CARD NUMBER, your ON-LINE ACCOUNT PASSWORD and your AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. All of this information can be used to access your money or bill your accounts. This information is never necessary to make a purchase.

Be wary of any telemarketer or any stranger  who gives any reason for needing your bank or credit card account numbers or any account passwords. Con artists may falsely claim they need your account number:

* To check your credit.
* To verify your account or payment
* To have your prize money credited to your bank account
* To verify your identity
* To verify your ability to make payments
* For confirmation
* To make the transaction faster and easier.

In Maryland, a business cannot record your address or telephone number as a condition of accepting your credit card in a sale. Major credit card issuers don't require this information to process transactions.
It is also illegal in Maryland for a business to request or record your credit card account number as a condition of accepting your check in a transaction. However, the merchant is allowed to see your credit card as identification or credit worthiness, and may record the type (VISA, Discover, etc.) and the name of the issuer.

The more personal information someone has about you, the easier it is for them to commit fraud. These laws were designed to help protect you by prohibiting merchants from requiring information that could be damaging if it fell into the wrong hands.

2. TAKE YOUR TIME

In only a few minutes, a con artist can swindle an unsuspecting consumer out of a nest egg that took a lifetime to build. These people often use high-pressure tactics to get you to act quickly, before you have a chance to think it over or talk to someone who can advise you that you are making a mistake.

Don't succumb to pressure. Whether you are being asked to make a charitable donation, a financial investment or a purchase, you should always take time to think it over before you act. If the offer is legitimate, it will still be good in a few days. If the offer is made by phone, hang up and think about it before you act. If the offer is made in person, go home and think it over. Be sure to get all of the information in writing before you make a decision and read it over before you act. If the sales person insists that you have to act now, DON'T.

3. KEEP TRACK OF YOUR CREDIT CARDS

In a recent issue of Fraudmonitor, MasterCard International warns about "account takeover," a process in which someone manages to get hold of your credit card number and change the address on your credit card bill. The person makes charges on your account, but you don't know about it because you don't get a bill. By the time you find out, thousands of dollars may have been fraudulently charged to your account.

One way to help guard against account takeover is to keep track of when your new credit cards should arrive and contact your credit card company if they do not arrive on schedule. Be sure to sign your new cards as soon as they arrive, and destroy the old cards. Also be sure to report lost or stolen cards immediately.

4. KEEP AN EYE ON YOUR CHECKING ACCOUNT

Armed with your account number and routing and transit number (the series of numbers at the bottom of your checks), a scam artist can issue a blank check called a demand draft to withdraw money from your checking account and deposit it in his own bank account. You might not even notice the withdrawal has been made until you see your monthly bank statement. By then, the person who made the withdrawal may be gone.

Following these guidelines will help protect your checking account:

* Never give your checking account number or the routing and transit numbers to a telemarketer or any stranger. Be cautious about signing any documents that ask for a checking account number.

* Carefully review your bank statement each month. Verify all withdrawals and make sure your checkbook balance agrees with the statement.

* If you want to make regular payments to a reputable company, such as a utility or insurance company, by having your bank account automatically debited, make sure you've signed the proper authorization forms with your bank.

* Be sure you know exactly what pre-authorized payments are deducted from your checking account, what companies the payments go to, and how you can stop these payments if you choose to do so.

Today's technology offers new, easier ways to shop, bank and pay your bills. But it also offers con artists new ways to cheat you out of your money. To protect yourself in today's rapidly changing marketplace, you need to protect your privacy by keeping personal information away from strangers who might misuse it, and keeping track of your credit cards and bank accounts.

You can find Tips For Tough Times on the Internet at http://sailor.lib.md.us/docs/tip_toc.html

________________________________________________________
Volunteers Needed
Help consumers with problems, experience the workings of a law enforcement agency, and develop valuable skills by volunteering at the Consumer Protection Division's downtown Baltimore office as a:
	* Consumer Affairs Specialist
	* Health Advocacy Specialist
	* Legislative Aide/Consumer Advocate
Call Ann Brooke at 410-576-6550 for information.

Need Help With Food Stamps or Financial Assistance?
For information or help nding any kind of public assistance, including food stamps, medical care and fuel assistance, call your local Department of Social Services. In Baltimore call 361-4600. Or call First Call for Help at (800)492-0618, or 685-0525 in Baltimore.

________________________________________________________
March 1996. Tips for Tough Times is produced by the Consumer Protection Division of the Maryland Attorney General's Office. Available in alternative format for visually impaired consumers. Call 410-576-6956.
J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Attorney General
William Leibovici, Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Lucy Weisz, Deputy Chief, Consumer Protection Division
Jackie Ward, Editor           Andrea Cooper, Graphics

HOW YOU CAN REACH US
Consumer Protection Division, Maryland Attorney General's Office
Downtown Baltimore
Consumer Protection Division
200 St. Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-2021

Complaints
* General: (410)528-8662 (9 a.m. to 3 p.m., M-F)
* Health Education & Advocacy Unit: (410)528-1840 (9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., M-F)
* D.C. Metro Area: (301)470-7534
* TDD for hearing impaired persons: (410)576-6372
Send written complaints to:
Consumer Protection Division
200 Saint Paul Place, 16th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202

Branch Offices
* Cumberland
	(301)722-2000
	(9 a.m. to 12 p.m., 3rd Tues. of each month)
* Frederick
	(301)694-1071
	(9 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2nd and 4th Thurs. of each month)
* Hagerstown
	(301)791-4780
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.)
* Salisbury
	(410)543-6620
	(8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.)
